{"id":8964,"date":"2024-01-07T16:09:27","date_gmt":"2024-01-07T16:09:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/?p=8964"},"modified":"2024-01-07T18:19:46","modified_gmt":"2024-01-07T18:19:46","slug":"researchers-map-the-oceans-to-uncover-dark-vessels-and-offshore-structures","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/pt\/2024\/01\/researchers-map-the-oceans-to-uncover-dark-vessels-and-offshore-structures\/","title":{"rendered":"Os investigadores cartografam os oceanos para descobrir \"navios escuros\" e estruturas offshore"},"content":{"rendered":"

Os investigadores descobriram informa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre as actividades mar\u00edtimas globais utilizando redes neuronais para analisar imagens de sat\u00e9lite e de radar.\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

Este estudo, publicado na <\/span>Natureza<\/span><\/a> e liderado por Fernando Paolo de <\/span>Observat\u00f3rio Mundial da Pesca<\/span><\/a>A pesquisa da Comiss\u00e3o Europeia, uma organiza\u00e7\u00e3o sem fins lucrativos sediada em Washington DC, revela que tr\u00eas quartos dos grandes navios de pesca do mundo e um quarto dos navios de transporte e de energia operam como \"navios obscuros\", n\u00e3o partilhando publicamente a sua localiza\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/span><\/p>\n

Fernando Paolo explicou: \"Historicamente, a atividade das embarca\u00e7\u00f5es tem sido pouco documentada, o que limita a nossa compreens\u00e3o da forma como o maior recurso p\u00fablico do mundo - o oceano - est\u00e1 a ser utilizado.\"<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\"T\u00ednhamos a ideia de que est\u00e1vamos a perder uma grande parte da atividade que ocorre no oceano, mas n\u00e3o sab\u00edamos quanto. E descobrimos que \u00e9 muito mais do que imagin\u00e1vamos\".\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Utilizando dados relativos ao per\u00edodo de 2017 a 2021, a equipa analisou imagens de GPS, sat\u00e9lite e radar de zonas costeiras onde se tendem a concentrar as principais opera\u00e7\u00f5es de pesca e industriais. A equipa<\/span>\u00a0treinou v\u00e1rias redes neurais para detetar e classificar barcos e estruturas offshore nestas imagens.<\/span><\/p>\n

A an\u00e1lise resultante mostrou que a maioria das cerca de 63 000 embarca\u00e7\u00f5es seguidas n\u00e3o utilizava sistematicamente sistemas de identifica\u00e7\u00e3o autom\u00e1tica, o que suscita preocupa\u00e7\u00f5es quanto a actividades ilegais como a pesca n\u00e3o regulamentada.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"IA
Mapeamento da pegada de v\u00e1rias infra-estruturas offshore. Fonte: Natureza<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Uma IA foi especificamente treinada para distinguir embarca\u00e7\u00f5es de pesca com base nos seus padr\u00f5es de viagem e localiza\u00e7\u00f5es, tendo conclu\u00eddo que 42 a 49% das embarca\u00e7\u00f5es foram classificadas como barcos de pesca.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jennifer Raynor, coautora do estudo e professora assistente de economia dos recursos naturais na Universidade de Wisconsin-Madison, declarou: \"Ao revelar as embarca\u00e7\u00f5es obscuras, cri\u00e1mos a imagem p\u00fablica mais completa da pesca industrial global dispon\u00edvel\".\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Al\u00e9m disso, o estudo identificou 28.000 estruturas offshore, incluindo as envolvidas na energia e\u00f3lica e na produ\u00e7\u00e3o de petr\u00f3leo, com um aumento not\u00e1vel das turbinas e\u00f3licas offshore.<\/span><\/p>\n

O n\u00famero de estruturas petrol\u00edferas registou um aumento de 16% durante o per\u00edodo de estudo, mas, mais notavelmente ainda, o n\u00famero de turbinas e\u00f3licas mais do que duplicou, ultrapassando as plataformas petrol\u00edferas em 2021.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

O crescimento da energia e\u00f3lica offshore foi particularmente acentuado na China, que registou um aumento de nove vezes entre 2017 e 2021.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"IA
Registou-se um aumento acentuado das turbinas e\u00f3licas durante o per\u00edodo de estudo. Fonte: Natureza<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre o estudo<\/span><\/h2>\n

O estudo realizado pela Global Fishing Watch mapeou as actividades industriais no mar com a ajuda de redes neuronais. <\/span><\/p>\n

Eis mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre o seu funcionamento:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Recolha e integra\u00e7\u00e3o de dados<\/b>: Entre 2017 e 2021, a equipa reuniu uma grande quantidade de dados, incluindo 2 petabytes de imagens de sat\u00e9lite, dados de GPS de embarca\u00e7\u00f5es e modelos de aprendizagem profunda. Estes dados abrangeram as \u00e1guas costeiras do mundo, onde se concentram mais de 75% de atividade industrial.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Desenvolvimento de modelos de aprendizagem profunda<\/b>: Desenvolveram tr\u00eas redes neuronais convolucionais profundas. Estas redes foram concebidas para tarefas espec\u00edficas: identificar objectos e estimar os seus comprimentos com elevada precis\u00e3o, classificar infra-estruturas offshore em categorias como petr\u00f3leo, vento e outras estruturas, e distinguir entre embarca\u00e7\u00f5es de pesca e n\u00e3o pesca.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. An\u00e1lise de imagens de sat\u00e9lite e dados GPS de embarca\u00e7\u00f5es<\/b>: Os investigadores analisaram imagens de sat\u00e9lite para detetar embarca\u00e7\u00f5es e estruturas ao largo e, em seguida, compararam estas descobertas com dados GPS de embarca\u00e7\u00f5es que divulgaram publicamente a sua localiza\u00e7\u00e3o. Isto revelou que uma parte significativa das embarca\u00e7\u00f5es de pesca industrial (72 a 76%) e outras embarca\u00e7\u00f5es (21 a 30%) n\u00e3o eram localizadas publicamente.<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. Cartografia e actividades<\/b>: A equipa mapeou as actividades das embarca\u00e7\u00f5es e as infra-estruturas energ\u00e9ticas offshore, destacando a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o e concentra\u00e7\u00e3o destas actividades nas \u00e1guas costeiras. Descobriram que a atividade piscat\u00f3ria diminuiu significativamente durante a pandemia de COVID-19, enquanto as actividades dos navios de transporte e de energia permaneceram relativamente est\u00e1veis.<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o do impacto ambiental<\/b>: Por \u00faltimo, os investigadores identificaram potenciais focos de pesca ilegal e quantificaram a escala das actividades dos navios, incluindo o r\u00e1pido crescimento da infraestrutura e\u00f3lica offshore, que ultrapassou o n\u00famero de estruturas petrol\u00edferas at\u00e9 2021.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Os investigadores esperam que este mapa possa agora ajudar a gerir e a compreender as futuras actividades humanas no oceano.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    Como afirma o coautor Patrick Halpin, professor de ecologia geoespacial marinha na Universidade de Duke, \"a pegada do Antropoceno j\u00e1 n\u00e3o se limita \u00e0 terra firme\", o que significa que a atividade humana nesta \u00e9poca atual penetrou em todos os cantos do planeta. <\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Os investigadores descobriram informa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre as actividades mar\u00edtimas mundiais utilizando redes neuronais para analisar imagens de sat\u00e9lite e de radar. Este estudo, publicado na Nature e liderado por Fernando Paolo da Global Fishing Watch, uma organiza\u00e7\u00e3o sem fins lucrativos sediada em Washington DC, revela que tr\u00eas quartos das grandes embarca\u00e7\u00f5es de pesca do mundo e um quarto dos navios de transporte e de energia operam como \"embarca\u00e7\u00f5es obscuras\", n\u00e3o partilhando publicamente a sua localiza\u00e7\u00e3o. Fernando Paolo explicou: \"Historicamente, a atividade dos navios tem sido pouco documentada, o que limita a nossa compreens\u00e3o da forma como o maior recurso p\u00fablico do mundo - o oceano - est\u00e1 a ser utilizado.\" \"T\u00ednhamos a ideia de que est\u00e1vamos a perder uma grande parte da atividade que ocorre no<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":8966,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[88],"tags":[105],"class_list":["post-8964","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ethics","tag-machine-learning"],"yoast_head":"\nResearchers map the oceans to uncover 'dark vessels' and offshore structures | DailyAI<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Researchers have uncovered insights into global maritime activities by using neural networks to analyze satellite and radar images.\u00a0\" \/>\n<meta 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