{"id":3881,"date":"2023-08-06T21:12:33","date_gmt":"2023-08-06T21:12:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/?p=3881"},"modified":"2023-08-06T21:55:52","modified_gmt":"2023-08-06T21:55:52","slug":"shortages-of-high-end-gpus-threaten-to-slow-ai-development","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/pt\/2023\/08\/shortages-of-high-end-gpus-threaten-to-slow-ai-development\/","title":{"rendered":"A escassez de GPUs topo de gama amea\u00e7a abrandar o desenvolvimento da IA"},"content":{"rendered":"

As empresas tecnol\u00f3gicas mundiais est\u00e3o \u00e1vidas de chips GPU de topo de gama e os fabricantes n\u00e3o conseguem produzir o suficiente para satisfazer a procura.\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

Por detr\u00e1s de cada modelo de IA de alto n\u00edvel est\u00e1 uma legi\u00e3o de GPUs a trabalhar incansavelmente - e mesmo os jogadores da lista A da ind\u00fastria n\u00e3o se fartam delas. <\/span><\/p>\n

O treino de modelos de IA requer imensos recursos de computa\u00e7\u00e3o, mas os fabricantes s\u00e3o relativamente escassos e as GPUs topo de gama n\u00e3o s\u00e3o algo que se possa criar de um dia para o outro. A grande maioria da procura recaiu sobre os ombros da veterana da ind\u00fastria Nvidia, elevando a sua capitaliza\u00e7\u00e3o de mercado para $1tn este ano.<\/p>\n

Atualmente, poucos parecem estar a salvo da escassez de GPU <\/span>- e quanto mais longe da Nvidia estivermos, menores s\u00e3o as nossas hip\u00f3teses de os obter.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Em maio, o diretor executivo da OpenAI, Sam Altman, disse ao Senado dos EUA: \"Temos t\u00e3o poucas GPUs que quanto menos pessoas utilizarem a ferramenta, melhor\".\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Um recente diminui\u00e7\u00e3o do desempenho da GPT-4<\/a> levou muitos a especular se a OpenAI n\u00e3o conseguiu satisfazer a procura, obrigando-a a alterar e a afinar aspectos dos seus modelos.<\/p>\n

Entretanto, na China, a escassez de GPU criou um <\/span>mercado negro bastante bizarro<\/span><\/a> onde os compradores de empresas t\u00eam de se envolver em neg\u00f3cios obscuros para os chips A100 e H100 da Nvidia nos andares do arranha-c\u00e9us SEG em Shenzhen - um cen\u00e1rio ciberpunk retirado diretamente de um jogo de v\u00eddeo Deus Ex.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Microsoft <\/span>relat\u00f3rio anual<\/span><\/a> destacou recentemente a escassez prolongada de chips de IA como um potencial fator de risco para os investidores. <\/span><\/p>\n

O relat\u00f3rio afirma: \"Continuamos a identificar e a avaliar oportunidades para expandir as localiza\u00e7\u00f5es dos nossos centros de dados e aumentar a nossa capacidade de servidor para satisfazer as necessidades em evolu\u00e7\u00e3o dos nossos clientes, em especial tendo em conta a procura crescente de servi\u00e7os de IA.\"<\/span><\/p>\n

E prossegue: \"Os nossos centros de dados dependem da disponibilidade de terrenos autorizados e edific\u00e1veis, de energia previs\u00edvel, de fornecimentos de rede e de servidores, incluindo unidades de processamento gr\u00e1fico ('GPUs') e outros componentes.\"<\/span><\/p>\n

O apetite insaci\u00e1vel por GPUs<\/span><\/h2>\n

A capacidade de computa\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 um estrangulamento significativo para o desenvolvimento da IA, mas poucos previram uma procura desta magnitude.<\/span><\/p>\n

Se este n\u00edvel de procura fosse previs\u00edvel, haveria mais fabricantes de chips de IA do que a Nvidia e uma m\u00e3o-cheia de startups, com a Nvidia a controlar pelo menos 84% do mercado, segundo algumas estimativas. A AMD e a Intel est\u00e3o apenas a entrar no jogo.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Raj Joshi, vice-presidente s\u00e9nior da Moody's Investors Service, afirmou que \"ningu\u00e9m poderia ter calculado a rapidez e o volume do aumento da procura\" e que \"n\u00e3o creio que o sector estivesse preparado para este tipo de aumento da procura\".<\/span><\/p>\n

Na sua chamada de resultados de maio, a Nvidia anunciou que tinha \"adquirido uma oferta substancialmente maior para a segunda metade do ano\" para satisfazer a procura crescente de chips de IA.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

A AMD, por sua vez, afirmou que est\u00e1 pronta para revelar sua resposta \u00e0s GPUs de IA da Nvidia mais perto do final do ano. \"H\u00e1 um interesse muito forte do cliente em todas as \u00e1reas em nossas solu\u00e7\u00f5es de IA\" afirmou o CEO da AMD<\/a> Lisa Su.<\/span><\/p>\n

Alguns especialistas do sector sugerem que a escassez de chips pode diminuir dentro de dois a tr\u00eas anos, \u00e0 medida que os concorrentes da Nvidia expandem as suas ofertas. V\u00e1rias empresas em fase de arranque est\u00e3o agora a trabalhar dia e noite para <\/span>colmatar esta procura explosiva<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Toda e qualquer empresa capaz de fabricar chips topo de gama adequados a cargas de trabalho de IA ter\u00e1 bons resultados, mas trata-se de uma categoria rara, uma vez que a investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e a constru\u00e7\u00e3o de GPUs s\u00e3o excecionalmente morosas.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

A IA tem de se tornar mais simples<\/span><\/h2>\n

Os criadores de IA relativamente recentes, como a Inflection, est\u00e3o a apressar-se a construir pilhas de forma\u00e7\u00e3o colossais. <\/span><\/p>\n

Depois de levantar uma <\/span>poderoso $1.3bn<\/span><\/a>A Inflection planeia montar um cluster de GPU com 22.000 chips H100 topo de gama.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Para ter uma perspetiva, a Nvidia, em colabora\u00e7\u00e3o com a CoreWeave, recentemente <\/span>esmagou os valores de refer\u00eancia de forma\u00e7\u00e3o em IA<\/span><\/a> com um cluster de 3.584 chips - incluindo o treino de um modelo de linguagem de grande dimens\u00e3o (LLM) como o GPT-3.5 em cerca de 10 minutos.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Enquanto a procura de poder entre os principais intervenientes na IA gira em torno do empilhamento de GPUs, naquilo que come\u00e7a a parecer uma apropria\u00e7\u00e3o feudal de terras, outros est\u00e3o a concentrar-se na flexibiliza\u00e7\u00e3o dos modelos de IA para tirar mais partido da tecnologia atual. <\/span><\/p>\n

Por exemplo, os programadores da comunidade de c\u00f3digo aberto descobriram recentemente formas de executar LLMs em dispositivos compactos como os MacBooks.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"A necessidade \u00e9 a m\u00e3e da inven\u00e7\u00e3o, certo?\" Sid Sheth, fundador e diretor executivo da empresa de IA d-Matrix <\/span>disse \u00e0 CNN<\/span><\/a>. \"Agora que as pessoas n\u00e3o t\u00eam acesso a quantidades ilimitadas de capacidade de computa\u00e7\u00e3o, est\u00e3o a encontrar formas engenhosas de utilizar o que t\u00eam de uma forma muito mais inteligente\".<\/span><\/p>\n

Al\u00e9m disso, a escassez de GPUs \u00e9 uma boa not\u00edcia para aqueles que desejam que o desenvolvimento da IA abrande - ser\u00e1 que a tecnologia precisa mesmo de avan\u00e7ar mais depressa do que j\u00e1 est\u00e1 a avan\u00e7ar?<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>Provavelmente n\u00e3o. Como diz Sheth, \"em termos l\u00edquidos, isto vai ser uma b\u00ean\u00e7\u00e3o disfar\u00e7ada\".<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

As empresas tecnol\u00f3gicas do mundo est\u00e3o sedentas de chips de GPU topo de gama e os fabricantes n\u00e3o conseguem produzir o suficiente para satisfazer a procura. Por detr\u00e1s de cada modelo de IA de alto n\u00edvel est\u00e1 uma legi\u00e3o de GPUs a trabalhar incansavelmente - e mesmo os jogadores da lista A da ind\u00fastria n\u00e3o se fartam delas. O treino de modelos de IA requer imensos recursos de computa\u00e7\u00e3o, mas os fabricantes s\u00e3o relativamente escassos, e as GPUs topo de gama n\u00e3o s\u00e3o algo que se possa criar de um dia para o outro. A grande maioria da procura recaiu sobre os ombros da veterana da ind\u00fastria Nvidia, elevando a sua capitaliza\u00e7\u00e3o de mercado para $1tn este ano. Neste momento, poucos parecem estar a salvo da escassez de GPU -<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3882,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[84],"tags":[282,281,121,106,93,100],"class_list":["post-3881","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-industry","tag-amd","tag-gpus","tag-microsoft","tag-nvidia","tag-openai","tag-semiconductors"],"yoast_head":"\nShortages of high-end GPUs threaten to slow AI development | DailyAI<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The world\u2019s tech companies are hungry for chips, and manufacturers can\u2019t seem to chug out enough to meet demand.\u00a0\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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