{"id":12488,"date":"2024-05-21T18:19:15","date_gmt":"2024-05-21T18:19:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/?p=12488"},"modified":"2024-05-22T10:47:35","modified_gmt":"2024-05-22T10:47:35","slug":"tech-companies-across-the-globe-commit-to-fresh-set-of-voluntary-rules","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/pt\/2024\/05\/tech-companies-across-the-globe-commit-to-fresh-set-of-voluntary-rules\/","title":{"rendered":"Empresas tecnol\u00f3gicas de todo o mundo comprometem-se a adotar um novo conjunto de regras volunt\u00e1rias"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>As principais empresas de IA concordaram com um novo conjunto de compromissos volunt\u00e1rios de seguran\u00e7a, anunciados pelos governos do Reino Unido e da Coreia do Sul antes de uma cimeira de dois dias sobre IA em Seul.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">16 empresas tecnol\u00f3gicas optaram por aderir ao quadro, incluindo <span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\"><span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\"><span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\">Amazon<\/span><\/span><\/span>, Google, Meta, Microsoft, <span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\"><span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\"><span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\">OpenAI<\/span><\/span><\/span>, xAI, e Zhipu AI. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00c9 o primeiro quadro acordado por empresas da Am\u00e9rica do Norte, Europa, M\u00e9dio Oriente (The Technology Innovation Institute) e \u00c1sia, incluindo a China (Zhipu AI).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Entre os compromissos assumidos, as empresas comprometem-se a \"n\u00e3o desenvolver ou implementar um modelo\" se n\u00e3o for poss\u00edvel gerir os riscos graves.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As empresas tamb\u00e9m concordaram em publicar a forma como ir\u00e3o medir e mitigar os riscos associados aos modelos de IA.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">O <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/news\/historic-first-as-companies-spanning-north-america-asia-europe-and-middle-east-agree-safety-commitments-on-development-of-ai#:~:text=These%20commitments%20ensure%20the%20world%27s,benefits%20of%20this%20transformative%20technology.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">novos compromissos<\/a>\u00a0surge depois de eminentes investigadores de IA, incluindo Yoshua Bengio, Geoffrey Hinton, Andrew Yao e Yuval Noah Harari, terem publicado um <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.adn0117\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">papel<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> em Ci\u00eancia nomeado <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gerir os riscos extremos da IA num contexto de progresso r\u00e1pido.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Esse documento apresentava v\u00e1rias recomenda\u00e7\u00f5es que ajudaram a orientar o novo quadro de seguran\u00e7a:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Controlo e honestidade<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Desenvolvimento de m\u00e9todos para garantir que os sistemas de IA sejam transparentes e produzam resultados fi\u00e1veis.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Robustez<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Garantir que os sistemas de IA se comportam de forma previs\u00edvel em novas situa\u00e7\u00f5es.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Interpretabilidade e transpar\u00eancia<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Compreender os processos de decis\u00e3o da IA.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Desenvolvimento inclusivo da IA<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Atenua\u00e7\u00e3o de preconceitos e integra\u00e7\u00e3o de valores diversos.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o de ac\u00e7\u00f5es perigosas<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Desenvolvimento de m\u00e9todos rigorosos para avaliar as capacidades da IA e prever os riscos antes da implanta\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Avaliar o alinhamento da IA<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Assegurar que os sistemas de IA est\u00e3o em conformidade com os objectivos pretendidos e n\u00e3o perseguem objectivos prejudiciais.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Avalia\u00e7\u00f5es de risco<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Avaliar exaustivamente os riscos societais associados \u00e0 implanta\u00e7\u00e3o da IA.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Resili\u00eancia<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Cria\u00e7\u00e3o de defesas contra amea\u00e7as baseadas na IA, como os ciberataques e a manipula\u00e7\u00e3o social.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Anna Makanju, vice-presidente de assuntos globais da <span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\"><span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\"><span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\"><span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\"><span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\">OpenAI<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>A Comiss\u00e3o Europeia, em colabora\u00e7\u00e3o com a Universidade de Lisboa, declarou sobre as novas recomenda\u00e7\u00f5es: \"O campo da seguran\u00e7a da IA est\u00e1 a evoluir rapidamente e estamos particularmente satisfeitos por apoiar a \u00eanfase dos compromissos em refinar as abordagens juntamente com a ci\u00eancia. Continuamos comprometidos em colaborar com outros laborat\u00f3rios de pesquisa, empresas e governos para garantir que a IA seja segura e beneficie toda a humanidade.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Michael Sellitto, Diretor dos Assuntos Globais da <span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\"><span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\"><span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\"><span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\"><span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\">Anthropic<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>A Frontier AI, Inc., comentou da mesma forma: \"Os compromissos de seguran\u00e7a da Frontier AI sublinham a import\u00e2ncia do desenvolvimento seguro e respons\u00e1vel de modelos de fronteira. Como uma organiza\u00e7\u00e3o focada na seguran\u00e7a, tornamos uma prioridade implementar pol\u00edticas rigorosas, conduzir uma extensa equipe vermelha e colaborar com especialistas externos para garantir que nossos modelos sejam seguros. Estes compromissos s\u00e3o um importante passo em frente para incentivar o desenvolvimento e a implementa\u00e7\u00e3o respons\u00e1veis da IA\".<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Outro quadro volunt\u00e1rio<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Isto reflecte os \"compromissos volunt\u00e1rios\" assumidos na <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/pt\/2023\/09\/more-ai-companies-join-the-us-voluntary-framework-on-ai\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Casa Branca em julho do ano passado<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> por <span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\"><span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\"><span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\"><span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\"><span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\">Amazon<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, <span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\"><span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\"><span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\"><span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\"><span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\">Anthropic<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, Google, Inflection AI, Meta, Microsoft, e <span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\"><span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\"><span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\"><span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\"><span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\">OpenAI<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> para incentivar o desenvolvimento seguro, protegido e transparente da tecnologia de IA.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Estas novas regras estipulam que as 16 empresas devem \"proporcionar transpar\u00eancia p\u00fablica\" sobre as suas implementa\u00e7\u00f5es de seguran\u00e7a, exceto nos casos em que tal possa aumentar os riscos ou divulgar informa\u00e7\u00f5es comerciais sens\u00edveis de forma desproporcionada em rela\u00e7\u00e3o aos benef\u00edcios para a sociedade.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">O Primeiro-Ministro do Reino Unido, Rishi Sunak, afirmou: \"\u00c9 uma estreia mundial ter tantas empresas l\u00edderes de IA de tantas partes diferentes do mundo a concordar com os mesmos compromissos em mat\u00e9ria de seguran\u00e7a da IA\".\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trata-se de uma novidade mundial, uma vez que empresas de fora da Europa e da Am\u00e9rica do Norte, como a chinesa <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zhipu.ai, juntei-me a ele.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No entanto, os compromissos volunt\u00e1rios em mat\u00e9ria de seguran\u00e7a da IA est\u00e3o em voga h\u00e1 j\u00e1 algum tempo. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u00e1 pouco risco de as empresas de IA concordarem com elas, uma vez que n\u00e3o h\u00e1 meios para as fazer cumprir. Este facto indica tamb\u00e9m que s\u00e3o um instrumento muito pouco eficaz quando se trata de fazer valer os seus direitos.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dan Hendrycks, conselheiro de seguran\u00e7a da empresa xAI de Elon Musk, referiu que os compromissos volunt\u00e1rios ajudariam a \"lan\u00e7ar as bases para uma regulamenta\u00e7\u00e3o nacional concreta\".<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00c9 um coment\u00e1rio justo, mas, segundo alguns investigadores de renome, ainda n\u00e3o lan\u00e7\u00e1mos as bases quando os riscos extremos nos batem \u00e0 porta.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nem toda a gente est\u00e1 de acordo <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/pt\/2023\/11\/the-battle-of-the-ai-godfathers-is-ai-risky-or-not\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">qu\u00e3o perigosa \u00e9 realmente a IA<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">mas a quest\u00e3o \u00e9 que o sentimento subjacente a estes quadros ainda n\u00e3o est\u00e1 alinhado com as ac\u00e7\u00f5es.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Na\u00e7\u00f5es formam rede de seguran\u00e7a da IA<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Com o in\u00edcio desta pequena cimeira sobre seguran\u00e7a da IA em Seul, na Coreia do Sul, dez pa\u00edses e a Uni\u00e3o Europeia (UE) concordaram em criar uma rede internacional de \"institutos de seguran\u00e7a da IA\" apoiados pelo Estado.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">O \"<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/seoul-declaration-for-safe-innovative-and-inclusive-ai-ai-seoul-summit-2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Declara\u00e7\u00e3o de inten\u00e7\u00f5es de Seul para a coopera\u00e7\u00e3o internacional no dom\u00ednio da ci\u00eancia da seguran\u00e7a da IA<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\"O acordo envolve pa\u00edses como o Reino Unido, os Estados Unidos, a Austr\u00e1lia, o Canad\u00e1, a Fran\u00e7a, a Alemanha, a It\u00e1lia, o Jap\u00e3o, a Coreia do Sul, Singapura e a UE.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A China esteve notoriamente ausente do acordo. No entanto, o governo chin\u00eas participou e a empresa chinesa Zhipu.ai subscreveu o quadro acima descrito.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A China j\u00e1 manifestou anteriormente a sua vontade de cooperar no dom\u00ednio da seguran\u00e7a da IA e tem estado em <a href=\"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/pt\/2024\/05\/us-and-china-meet-for-another-secret-ai-safety-talk-in-switzerland\/\">conversa\u00e7\u00f5es \"secretas\" com o <span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\"><span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\"><span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\"><span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\"><span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\">US<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Este <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/pt\/2024\/04\/notable-absences-hit-the-second-ai-safety-summit-due-in-may\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">cimeira intercalar de menor dimens\u00e3o<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> foi realizada com menos fanfarra do que a primeira, que teve lugar em Bletchley Park, no Reino Unido, em novembro passado.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No entanto, v\u00e1rias figuras conhecidas do sector tecnol\u00f3gico aderiram, incluindo Elon Musk, o antigo diretor executivo da Google, Eric Schmidt, e <span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\"><span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\"><span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\"><span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\"><span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\">DeepMind<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> fundador Sir Demis Hassabis.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Nos pr\u00f3ximos dias, ser\u00e3o revelados mais compromissos e discuss\u00f5es.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As principais empresas de IA concordaram com um novo conjunto de compromissos volunt\u00e1rios de seguran\u00e7a, anunciados pelos governos do Reino Unido e da Coreia do Sul antes de uma cimeira de dois dias sobre IA em Seul. 16 empresas tecnol\u00f3gicas aderiram ao quadro, incluindo a Amazon, a Google, a Meta, a Microsoft, a OpenAI, a xAI e a Zhipu AI. \u00c9 o primeiro quadro acordado por empresas da Am\u00e9rica do Norte, Europa, M\u00e9dio Oriente (The Technology Innovation Institute) e \u00c1sia, incluindo a China (Zhipu AI).  Entre os compromissos, as empresas comprometem-se a \"n\u00e3o desenvolver ou implementar um modelo de todo\" se n\u00e3o for poss\u00edvel gerir riscos graves. As empresas tamb\u00e9m concordaram em publicar a forma como ir\u00e3o medir e mitigar os riscos<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":12490,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[85],"tags":[163,341],"class_list":["post-12488","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-policy","tag-ai-risks","tag-ai-safety-summit"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Tech companies across the globe commit to fresh set of voluntary rules | DailyAI<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/pt\/2024\/05\/tech-companies-across-the-globe-commit-to-fresh-set-of-voluntary-rules\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tech companies across the globe commit to fresh set of voluntary rules | DailyAI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Leading AI companies have agreed to a new set of voluntary safety commitments, announced by the UK and South Korean governments before a two-day AI summit in Seoul. 16 tech companies opted into the framework, including Amazon, Google, Meta, Microsoft, OpenAI, xAI, and Zhipu AI. It&#8217;s the first framework agreed upon by companies in North America, Europe, the Middle East (The\u00a0Technology Innovation Institute), and Asia, including China (Zhipu AI).\u00a0 Among the commitments, companies pledge &#8220;not to develop or deploy a model at all&#8221; if severe risks can&#8217;t be managed. 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