{"id":7704,"date":"2023-11-24T21:22:46","date_gmt":"2023-11-24T21:22:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/?p=7704"},"modified":"2023-11-25T11:05:32","modified_gmt":"2023-11-25T11:05:32","slug":"effective-altruism-long-termism-and-politics-in-openai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/fr\/2023\/11\/effective-altruism-long-termism-and-politics-in-openai\/","title":{"rendered":"L'altruisme efficace, le long terme et la politique dans l'OpenAI"},"content":{"rendered":"

Les r\u00e9cents \u00e9v\u00e9nements survenus \u00e0 l'OpenAI ont mis en lumi\u00e8re les id\u00e9ologies de l'\"altruisme efficace\" et de sa ramification, le \"long-termisme\". <\/b><\/p>\n

Mais wQue signifient ces \"philosophies\" ? <\/span>Et comment affectent-ils la politique et la gouvernance de l'IA ?<\/span><\/p>\n

OpenAI a \u00e9t\u00e9 initialement fond\u00e9e en tant qu'organisation \u00e0 but non lucratif. Puis, en 2019, elle est devenue un organisme \u00e0 but lucratif \"plafonn\u00e9\", d\u00e9fini comme un \"partenariat entre notre organisme \u00e0 but non lucratif d'origine et une nouvelle branche \u00e0 but lucratif plafonn\u00e9\". <\/span><\/p>\n

Une fois que l'entreprise a su sur quoi elle \u00e9tait assise, elle a<\/span> n'allait pas rester \u00e9ternellement \u00e0 l'\u00e9cart des investisseurs et des b\u00e9n\u00e9fices, apr\u00e8s tout.<\/span><\/p>\n

Depuis 2019, le r\u00f4le de l'altruisme efficace, qui sous-tendait la mission d'OpenAI, s'est estomp\u00e9.
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

Qu'est-ce que l'altruisme efficace ?<\/h2>\n

L'altruisme efficace est une philosophie moderne fond\u00e9e il y a peu par des universitaires de l'Universit\u00e9 d'Oxford tels que William MacAskill et Toby Ord.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

En bref, elle cherche \u00e0 maximiser l'impact positif sur la plan\u00e8te dans un sens g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, d\u00e9fini comme \"l'utilisation de preuves et de la raison pour comprendre comment b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier aux autres autant que possible, et prendre des mesures sur cette base\".<\/span><\/p>\n

Son sous-ensemble, le long-termisme, se concentre sur la r\u00e9duction des risques existentiels pour assurer le bien-\u00eatre des g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures. Il est n\u00e9 des critiques formul\u00e9es \u00e0 l'encontre des gouvernements cycliques et \u00e0 court terme. Il affirme que la gouvernance actuelle ne permet pas le type d'action syst\u00e9matique et coh\u00e9rente dont nous avons besoin pour soutenir notre plan\u00e8te.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

L'OpenAI, fond\u00e9e avec l'objectif ambitieux de d\u00e9velopper l'IA au profit de l'humanit\u00e9, s'est ralli\u00e9e \u00e0 ces principes.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Cependant, l'expansion commerciale de l'entreprise et le soutien \u00e0 l'investissement, tel que le $1 milliard de Microsoft, ont cr\u00e9\u00e9 un conflit entre ces objectifs altruistes et les besoins pratiques de l'entreprise.<\/span><\/p>\n

L'id\u00e9ologie altruiste \u00e0 l'OpenAI<\/h2>\n

Ce choc des id\u00e9ologies a atteint un <\/span>point de rupture \u00e0 l'int\u00e9rieur de l'OpenAI<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

D'un c\u00f4t\u00e9, il y a le techno-capitalisme de la Silicon Valley, qui d\u00e9fend des id\u00e9es perturbatrices gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un capital-risque massif.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

D'autre part, l'approche plus lente et plus prudente qui est devenue la position de facto des patrons de la technologie de l'IA.\u00a0<\/span>Que peuvent-ils dire d'autre face \u00e0 la pression nationale et internationale qui les incite \u00e0 mod\u00e9rer soigneusement leurs produits ?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Pour que l'IA progresse, elle doit apaiser ceux qui en ont peur. Bien qu'il y ait un d\u00e9bat consid\u00e9rable<\/a> Si l'on peut se demander si l'IA est r\u00e9ellement dangereuse, il n'en reste pas moins que de nombreuses personnes sont inqui\u00e8tes.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cette dichotomie est illustr\u00e9e par M. Altman, qui, tout en poussant OpenAI \u00e0 devenir une puissance technologique, a \u00e9galement mis en garde contre les menaces existentielles pos\u00e9es par l'IA avanc\u00e9e. Encore une fois, quel choix avait-il ?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Pour rassurer, M. Altman a soulign\u00e9 que la structure d'OpenAI prot\u00e9geait l'entreprise de tout risque, mais sa r\u00e9int\u00e9gration en tant que PDG y a mis fin. M. Altman a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9int\u00e9gr\u00e9 de force, que l'on consid\u00e8re ou non qu'il s'agit d'un acte de solidarit\u00e9.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Sur le papier, le conseil d'administration avait le pouvoir, c'est ainsi que Sam Altman l'a pr\u00e9sent\u00e9\", explique Toby Ord, l'un des fondateurs de l'altruisme efficace et membre du Centre pour la gouvernance de l'IA (CAIS). <\/span><\/p>\n

Au lieu de cela, une tr\u00e8s grande partie du pouvoir semble appartenir \u00e0 Altman personnellement, ainsi qu'aux employ\u00e9s et \u00e0 Microsoft\".\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Dynamique et d\u00e9fis du conseil d'administration<\/h2>\n

Le licenciement de M. Altman par les membres du conseil d'administration, dont certains \u00e9taient li\u00e9s au mouvement de l'altruisme efficace, menace la capacit\u00e9 d'OpenAI \u00e0 continuer \u00e0 se pr\u00e9senter comme une nouvelle entreprise ax\u00e9e sur les b\u00e9n\u00e9fices humanitaires.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Les membres du conseil d'administration ont affirm\u00e9 que M. Altman n'\u00e9tait pas \"franc dans ses communications\", mais la plupart pensent qu'il ne prenait pas la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 au s\u00e9rieux.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Le nouveau conseil d'administration d'OpenAI, bien que soumis aux m\u00eames r\u00e8gles que l'ancien pour le moment, n'opposera pas la m\u00eame r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 M. Altman.<\/span><\/p>\n

La r\u00e9solution de cette crise, avec le retour d'Altman et le remaniement du conseil d'administration, laisse des questions sans r\u00e9ponse sur l'orientation future de l'entreprise et ses principes fondateurs. OpenAI a \u00e9t\u00e9 lib\u00e9r\u00e9e - Altman ne sera pas renvoy\u00e9 tant qu'il n'aura pas termin\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cependant, il sera difficile pour l'OpenAI d'acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les d\u00e9veloppements d'IA plus risqu\u00e9s uniquement en raison de ce remaniement du conseil d'administration. Si l'OpenAI<\/span> OpenAI est trop optimiste, ils pourraient prendre des mesures contre eux. Ils font l'objet d'une inspection minutieuse de la part de <\/span>des organisations telles que la FTC<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Comment les entreprises peuvent-elles harmoniser les philosophies altruistes \u00e0 long terme avec les r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du progr\u00e8s technologique et commercial ?<\/span><\/p>\n

Les deux sont-ils compatibles ? Ont-ils jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 compatibles ?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les r\u00e9cents \u00e9v\u00e9nements survenus \u00e0 l'OpenAI ont mis en lumi\u00e8re les id\u00e9ologies de l'\"altruisme efficace\" et de sa ramification, le \"long-termisme\". Mais que signifient ces \"philosophies\" ? Et comment affectent-elles la politique et la gouvernance de l'IA ? L'OpenAI a d'abord \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en tant qu'organisation \u00e0 but non lucratif. Puis, en 2019, elle est devenue un organisme \u00e0 but lucratif \"plafonn\u00e9\", d\u00e9fini comme un \"partenariat entre notre organisme \u00e0 but non lucratif d'origine et une nouvelle branche \u00e0 but lucratif plafonn\u00e9\". Une fois que l'entreprise a su sur quoi elle \u00e9tait assise, elle n'allait pas rester \u00e9ternellement \u00e0 l'\u00e9cart des investisseurs et de la r\u00e9alisation de b\u00e9n\u00e9fices, apr\u00e8s tout. Depuis 2019, le r\u00f4le de l'altruisme efficace, qui sous-tendait la mission d'OpenAI, s'est estomp\u00e9. Qu'est-ce que l'altruisme efficace ?<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5026,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[84],"tags":[115,93,136],"class_list":["post-7704","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-industry","tag-chatgpt","tag-openai","tag-sam-altman"],"yoast_head":"\nEffective altruism, long-termism, and politics in OpenAI | DailyAI<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The recent events at OpenAI, involving Sam Altman's firing and subsequent reinstatement, have highlighted the ideologies of \u201ceffective altruism\u201d and its offshoot, \u201clong-termism.\u201d\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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