{"id":6766,"date":"2023-10-25T20:03:29","date_gmt":"2023-10-25T20:03:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/?p=6766"},"modified":"2023-10-25T20:11:04","modified_gmt":"2023-10-25T20:11:04","slug":"new-us-ai-hardware-export-bans-to-come-into-effect-immediately","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/fr\/2023\/10\/new-us-ai-hardware-export-bans-to-come-into-effect-immediately\/","title":{"rendered":"Les nouvelles interdictions d'exportation de mat\u00e9riel d'IA aux \u00c9tats-Unis entrent en vigueur imm\u00e9diatement"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 Nvidia de cesser imm\u00e9diatement ses exportations de puces GPU AI vers la Chine.\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

Nvidia a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que la nouvelle interdiction, initialement pr\u00e9vue en novembre<\/a>entre en vigueur imm\u00e9diatement.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Dans une mise \u00e0 jour adress\u00e9e \u00e0 ses investisseurs mardi, Nvidia a tent\u00e9 de minimiser l'impact de l'interdiction des puces, affirmant qu'elle ne pr\u00e9voyait pas \"d'impact significatif sur ses r\u00e9sultats financiers\", \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 \"la force de la demande pour les produits de l'entreprise dans le monde entier\".<\/span><\/p>\n

Les nouvelles r\u00e9glementations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 adopt\u00e9es avant les discussions commerciales entre Washington et P\u00e9kin et pr\u00e9c\u00e8dent la visite du pr\u00e9sident Xi Jinping aux \u00c9tats-Unis le mois prochain.<\/span><\/p>\n

Au cours de l'ann\u00e9e \u00e9coul\u00e9e, l'explosion de la demande de puces Nvidia a entra\u00een\u00e9 une augmentation de plus de 200% du cours de l'action Nvidia, qui est devenue l'une des entreprises les plus valoris\u00e9es au monde, avec une capitalisation boursi\u00e8re de plus de $1 trillion.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Pour comprendre ces derniers embargos commerciaux, il faut remonter au d\u00e9but de l'ann\u00e9e, lorsque les \u00c9tats-Unis ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 limiter les exportations de mat\u00e9riel d'IA haut de gamme vers la Russie, la Chine et l'Iran. <\/span><\/p>\n

Les puces GPU fabriqu\u00e9es par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s comme Nvidia sont essentielles au d\u00e9veloppement de l'IA, et les \u00c9tats-Unis veulent conserver leur avance sur la Chine dans la \"course \u00e0 l'IA\".<\/span><\/p>\n

Il ne s'agit pas seulement de puces li\u00e9es \u00e0 l'IA, mais aussi d'autres mat\u00e9riels li\u00e9s \u00e0 l'IA, \u00e0 l'apprentissage automatique, aux centres de donn\u00e9es et \u00e0 l'informatique en nuage. Les entreprises am\u00e9ricaines mettent \u00e9galement fin \u00e0 leurs collaborations en mati\u00e8re de recherche avec les entreprises chinoises.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

La derni\u00e8re d'une longue s\u00e9rie d'interdictions d'exportation<\/span><\/h2>\n

Les premi\u00e8res interdictions ont limit\u00e9 l'exportation de puces d'IA de haute sp\u00e9cification. <\/span><\/p>\n

S<\/span>Plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment, les \u00c9tats-Unis ont cherch\u00e9 \u00e0 emp\u00eacher les entreprises chinoises de construire des superordinateurs d'une performance sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 100 FP64 PetaFLOPS ou sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 200 FP32 PetaFLOPS, en respectant certaines contraintes de taille physique.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Nvidia a compens\u00e9 cette situation en limitant ses puces phares A100 et H100 et en cr\u00e9ant des puces moins puissantes, les A100 et H100. Versions H800 et A800 adapt\u00e9es \u00e0 la Chine<\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Les entreprises chinoises ont alors command\u00e9 des milliers de ces puces pour un montant de plusieurs milliards de dollars. La nouvelle r\u00e9glementation comble cette lacune, <\/span>affectant les mod\u00e8les A800 et H800 ainsi que le nouveau processeur L40S. <\/span><\/p>\n

La vente de puces est toujours autoris\u00e9e si le gouvernement accorde une licence au Bureau de l'industrie et de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 du minist\u00e8re am\u00e9ricain du commerce, mais il semblerait que cette licence soit rarement accord\u00e9e.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Cela a cr\u00e9\u00e9 un march\u00e9 noir unique pour les puces Nvidia haut de gamme en Chine, qui persistera certainement au fur et \u00e0 mesure que les \u00c9tats-Unis renforceront leurs contr\u00f4les.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Le gratte-ciel SEG \u00e0 Shenzhen abrite le SEG Electronics Market, o\u00f9 l'on peut trouver des puces Nvidia sur le march\u00e9 noir. Source : Wikimedia Commons : Wikimedia Commons.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis craignent surtout que ces technologies soient utilis\u00e9es \u00e0 des fins militaires et de renseignement. <\/span><\/p>\n

\"Ces contr\u00f4les \u00e0 l'exportation sont destin\u00e9s \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les technologies qui ont des implications claires en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ou de droits de l'homme\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Gina Raimondo, la secr\u00e9taire am\u00e9ricaine au commerce, \u00e0 propos des nouvelles interdictions.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis convainquent \u00e9galement d'autres pays d'interrompre les exportations de mat\u00e9riel d'IA vers l'Iran, la Russie, la Chine et, dans une moindre mesure, la Chine, le Moyen-Orient<\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

En pr\u00e9vision des prochaines discussions commerciales, le minist\u00e8re chinois des finances a fait part aux responsables am\u00e9ricains de ses \"pr\u00e9occupations\" concernant les restrictions \u00e0 l'exportation.<\/span><\/p>\n

L'industrie chinoise de l'IA est entr\u00e9e en action cette ann\u00e9e avec la sortie de nombreux mod\u00e8les, et le pays pr\u00e9voit de construire sa propre industrie de fabrication de puces au cours des prochaines ann\u00e9es.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 Nvidia de cesser imm\u00e9diatement ses exportations de puces GPU AI vers la Chine. Nvidia a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que la nouvelle interdiction, initialement pr\u00e9vue en novembre, entre en vigueur imm\u00e9diatement. Dans une mise \u00e0 jour adress\u00e9e \u00e0 ses investisseurs mardi, Nvidia a tent\u00e9 de minimiser l'impact de l'interdiction des puces, affirmant qu'elle ne pr\u00e9voyait pas \"d'impact significatif sur ses r\u00e9sultats financiers\", \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 \"la force de la demande pour les produits de l'entreprise dans le monde entier\". Les nouvelles r\u00e9glementations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 promulgu\u00e9es avant les discussions commerciales entre Washington et P\u00e9kin et pr\u00e9c\u00e8dent la visite du pr\u00e9sident Xi Jinping aux \u00c9tats-Unis le mois prochain. Au cours des derni\u00e8res<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":6767,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[84],"tags":[106,292],"class_list":["post-6766","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-industry","tag-nvidia","tag-us-china"],"yoast_head":"\nNew US AI hardware export bans to come into effect immediately | DailyAI<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The US government has mandated that Nvidia immediately halt its AI computer chip sales to China.\u00a0\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/fr\/2023\/10\/new-us-ai-hardware-export-bans-to-come-into-effect-immediately\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" 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