{"id":6498,"date":"2023-10-16T19:39:55","date_gmt":"2023-10-16T19:39:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/?p=6498"},"modified":"2023-10-16T21:43:01","modified_gmt":"2023-10-16T21:43:01","slug":"the-us-government-moves-to-further-restrict-tech-exports-to-china","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/fr\/2023\/10\/the-us-government-moves-to-further-restrict-tech-exports-to-china\/","title":{"rendered":"Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain prend des mesures pour restreindre davantage les exportations de produits technologiques vers la Chine"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain se pr\u00e9pare \u00e0 mettre en place des sanctions suppl\u00e9mentaires pour emp\u00eacher les fabricants de puces am\u00e9ricains de contourner les restrictions \u00e0 l'exportation de puces d'intelligence artificielle destin\u00e9es \u00e0 la Chine.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Les modifications \u00e0 venir, attendues cette semaine, visent \u00e9galement les lacunes qui permettaient auparavant aux entreprises chinoises de se procurer des puces d'IA sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9es par l'interm\u00e9diaire de succursales et de distributeurs bas\u00e9s \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger.<\/span><\/p>\n

S'appuyant sur les interdictions globales mises en place en octobre dernier, les prochains r\u00e8glements emp\u00eacheront la vente de machines de fabrication de puces et de semi-conducteurs avanc\u00e9s \u00e0 la Chine.<\/span><\/p>\n

Des sources confidentielles ont indiqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Reuters que les sanctions \u00e0 venir viseront certaines puces d'IA qui se situent juste en dessous des r\u00e9f\u00e9rences techniques actuelles. En substance, les r\u00e9glementations s'\u00e9tendront aux puces dont les capacit\u00e9s sont l\u00e9g\u00e8rement r\u00e9duites par rapport \u00e0 celles qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 restreintes \u00e0 l'origine.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Nvidia a habilement contourn\u00e9 les premi\u00e8res r\u00e8gles en cr\u00e9ant une version de sa puce A100, baptis\u00e9e A800, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 neutralis\u00e9e et adapt\u00e9e \u00e0 l'exportation. En ao\u00fbt, Baidu, ByteDance, Tencent et Alibaba ont ordonn\u00e9 \u00e0 Nvidia d'exporter sa puce A100. <\/span>$1 milliards de puces \u00e0 livrer en 2023<\/span><\/a>La valeur de ces puces s'\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 1,4 milliard d'euros, et 1,4 milliard d'euros suppl\u00e9mentaires seront livr\u00e9s l'ann\u00e9e prochaine. Il s'agit d'environ 100 000 puces A800 qui doivent \u00eatre livr\u00e9es cette ann\u00e9e.<\/span><\/p>\n

Les nouvelles mesures soulignent la volont\u00e9 des \u00c9tats-Unis d'emp\u00eacher la Chine d'exploiter les innovations technologiques am\u00e9ricaines \u00e0 des fins militaires, notamment en raison du foss\u00e9 g\u00e9opolitique qui s\u00e9pare les deux puissances. <\/span><\/p>\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis poursuivent depuis au moins 25 ans une politique visant \u00e0 freiner l'industrie technologique chinoise, mais cette politique s'est acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9e cette ann\u00e9e, avec des entreprises comme Microsofting qui ont \u00e9galement mis fin \u00e0 leurs liens de recherche avec des organisations chinoises. <\/span><\/p>\n

Des signes avaient laiss\u00e9 penser que les deux superpuissances avaient r\u00e9tabli un certain niveau de collaboration, mais cela semble d\u00e9sormais s'estomper, l'IA d\u00e9clenchant une nouvelle course \u00e0 la sup\u00e9riorit\u00e9 technologique.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines telles que Google, Microsoft, Meta et Amazon, ainsi que des start-ups comme Anthropic et OpenAI, sont \u00e0 la pointe de ce secteur. Cependant, les entreprises technologiques chinoises mettent aujourd'hui sur le march\u00e9 des technologies sophistiqu\u00e9es. des IA g\u00e9n\u00e9ratives au public<\/a>Le pays a l'intention de cr\u00e9er une industrie comp\u00e9titive de fabrication de mat\u00e9riel d'IA au cours des prochaines ann\u00e9es afin de r\u00e9duire sa d\u00e9pendance \u00e0 l'\u00e9gard des importations.<\/p>\n

Un fonctionnaire am\u00e9ricain, qui a pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 garder l'anonymat, <\/span>transmis \u00e0 Reuters<\/span><\/a> que les puces centr\u00e9es sur le consommateur, comme celles des ordinateurs portables, ne seront pas affect\u00e9es par ces nouvelles r\u00e9glementations.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Les nouvelles r\u00e8gles exigeront des entreprises qu'elles informent le gouvernement des puces dont les performances sont inf\u00e9rieures aux lignes directrices actuelles avant de les exp\u00e9dier en Chine.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c0 son tour, le gouvernement d\u00e9cidera au cas par cas d'autoriser ou non la transaction.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Aborder les zones d'ombre<\/span><\/h2>\n

En plus d'emp\u00eacher les ventes de puces d'IA par des moyens d\u00e9tourn\u00e9s <\/span>comme le Nvidia A800<\/span><\/a>Les nouvelles r\u00e8gles visent \u00e0 r\u00e9gir la distribution d'autres types de puces d'intelligence artificielle pour centres de donn\u00e9es qui ne sont pas couvertes par les restrictions existantes.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

En outre, les restrictions existantes omettent par inadvertance les filiales \u00e9trang\u00e8res de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s chinoises, ce qui permet \u00e0 ces puces de trouver leur place en Chine continentale.<\/span><\/p>\n

Il s'agit en particulier <\/span>concerne le Moyen-Orient<\/span><\/a>Les \u00c9tats-Unis auraient envisag\u00e9 de restreindre les exportations, ce que des repr\u00e9sentants du gouvernement ont d\u00e9menti par la suite.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cette d\u00e9cision intervient apr\u00e8s que des enqu\u00eates men\u00e9es plus t\u00f4t dans l'ann\u00e9e ont r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 comment l'agence nucl\u00e9aire chinoise a contourn\u00e9 les r\u00e8gles existantes en utilisant des entreprises interm\u00e9diaires pour s'approvisionner en puces pour des simulations d'armes nucl\u00e9aires.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Les restrictions ont cr\u00e9\u00e9 une situation inhabituelle <\/span>march\u00e9 noir en Chine<\/span><\/a> pour les puces d'intelligence artificielle haut de gamme qui entrent encore dans le pays en petites quantit\u00e9s.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ces r\u00e8gles ne p\u00e9nalisent pas seulement les grandes entreprises comme Baidu et Tencent - elles affectent \u00e9galement les startups chinoises et les petites entreprises qui cherchent \u00e0 cr\u00e9er des charges de travail d'IA l\u00e9g\u00e8res.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Des entreprises s'adressent \u00e0 des vendeurs du march\u00e9 noir pour obtenir de petites commandes de puces Nvidia haut de gamme.<\/span><\/p>\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis prennent des mesures pour prot\u00e9ger leur industrie de l'IA<\/span><\/h2>\n

R\u00e9glementation am\u00e9ricaine en mati\u00e8re d'IA<\/a> - encore largement en formation - ont constamment r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 l'importance de soutenir l'industrie nationale de l'IA.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

L'administration Biden s'appr\u00eate \u00e0 allouer plus de $52 milliards de dollars en subventions f\u00e9d\u00e9rales et en all\u00e8gements fiscaux significatifs pour renforcer l'industrie nationale des puces.\u00a0<\/span>Ces r\u00e8gles interdisent aux b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires de fonds f\u00e9d\u00e9raux de canaliser leurs ressources vers la fabrication \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Cette mesure vise \u00e0 emp\u00eacher la stimulation de la fabrication de puces dans certains \"pays pr\u00e9occupants\", \u00e0 savoir la Chine, l'Iran, la Russie et la Cor\u00e9e du Nord.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain s'appr\u00eate \u00e0 mettre en place des sanctions suppl\u00e9mentaires pour emp\u00eacher les fabricants de puces am\u00e9ricains de contourner les restrictions \u00e0 l'exportation de puces d'intelligence artificielle destin\u00e9es \u00e0 la Chine. Les modifications \u00e0 venir, pr\u00e9vues cette semaine, visent \u00e9galement les lacunes qui permettaient auparavant aux entreprises chinoises de se procurer des puces d'intelligence artificielle sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9es par l'interm\u00e9diaire de succursales et de distributeurs bas\u00e9s \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger. S'appuyant sur les interdictions globales mises en place en octobre dernier, les r\u00e9glementations \u00e0 venir emp\u00eacheront la vente de machines de fabrication de puces et de semi-conducteurs avanc\u00e9s \u00e0 la Chine. Des sources confidentielles ont indiqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Reuters que les sanctions \u00e0 venir viseront certaines puces d'IA qui se situent juste en dessous des r\u00e9f\u00e9rences techniques actuelles. Essentiellement, les r\u00e8glements \u00e9tendront<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":6499,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[84],"tags":[98,106,100,292],"class_list":["post-6498","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-industry","tag-china","tag-nvidia","tag-semiconductors","tag-us-china"],"yoast_head":"\nThe US government moves to further restrict tech exports to China | DailyAI<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The US government is gearing up to roll out additional sanctions to thwart American chipmakers from bypassing export limitations on AI chips destined for China.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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