{"id":3881,"date":"2023-08-06T21:12:33","date_gmt":"2023-08-06T21:12:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/?p=3881"},"modified":"2023-08-06T21:55:52","modified_gmt":"2023-08-06T21:55:52","slug":"shortages-of-high-end-gpus-threaten-to-slow-ai-development","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/fr\/2023\/08\/shortages-of-high-end-gpus-threaten-to-slow-ai-development\/","title":{"rendered":"La p\u00e9nurie de GPU haut de gamme menace de ralentir le d\u00e9veloppement de l'IA"},"content":{"rendered":"

Les entreprises technologiques du monde entier sont avides de puces GPU haut de gamme, et les fabricants ne parviennent pas \u00e0 en produire suffisamment pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

Derri\u00e8re chaque mod\u00e8le d'IA de haut niveau se cache une l\u00e9gion de GPU qui travaillent sans rel\u00e2che - et m\u00eame les acteurs les plus en vue de l'industrie ne peuvent s'en passer. <\/span><\/p>\n

L'entra\u00eenement des mod\u00e8les d'IA n\u00e9cessite d'immenses ressources informatiques, mais les fabricants sont relativement peu nombreux, et les GPU haut de gamme ne se cr\u00e9ent pas du jour au lendemain. La grande majorit\u00e9 de la demande est tomb\u00e9e sur les \u00e9paules du v\u00e9t\u00e9ran Nvidia, ce qui a fait grimper sa capitalisation boursi\u00e8re \u00e0 $1tn cette ann\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

\u00c0 l'heure actuelle, peu de pays semblent \u00e0 l'abri de la p\u00e9nurie de GPU <\/span>- et plus vous \u00eates \u00e9loign\u00e9 de Nvidia, plus vos chances de les obtenir sont faibles.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

En mai, Sam Altman, PDG d'OpenAI, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 au S\u00e9nat am\u00e9ricain : \"Nous manquons tellement de GPU que moins il y a de gens qui utilisent l'outil, mieux c'est.\"\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Un r\u00e9cent baisse des performances du GPT-4<\/a> a conduit de nombreuses personnes \u00e0 se demander si OpenAI n'\u00e9tait pas incapable de r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande, ce qui l'aurait oblig\u00e9e \u00e0 modifier et \u00e0 ajuster certains aspects de ses mod\u00e8les.<\/p>\n

Entre-temps, en Chine, la p\u00e9nurie de GPU a cr\u00e9\u00e9 une situation d'urgence. <\/span>un march\u00e9 noir plut\u00f4t bizarre<\/span><\/a> o\u00f9 les acheteurs doivent se livrer \u00e0 des transactions louches pour les puces A100 et H100 de Nvidia dans les \u00e9tages du gratte-ciel SEG \u00e0 Shenzhen - un sc\u00e9nario cyberpunk-esque tout droit sorti d'un jeu vid\u00e9o Deus Ex.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Le site de Microsoft <\/span>rapport annuel<\/span><\/a> a r\u00e9cemment soulign\u00e9 que la p\u00e9nurie prolong\u00e9e de puces d'IA constituait un facteur de risque potentiel pour les investisseurs. <\/span><\/p>\n

Le rapport indique : \"Nous continuons \u00e0 identifier et \u00e0 \u00e9valuer les opportunit\u00e9s d'expansion de nos centres de donn\u00e9es et d'augmentation de la capacit\u00e9 de nos serveurs afin de r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 l'\u00e9volution des besoins de nos clients, en particulier compte tenu de la demande croissante de services d'IA.\"<\/span><\/p>\n

Et de poursuivre : \"Nos centres de donn\u00e9es d\u00e9pendent de la disponibilit\u00e9 de terrains autoris\u00e9s et constructibles, d'une \u00e9nergie pr\u00e9visible, de fournitures de r\u00e9seau et de serveurs, y compris d'unit\u00e9s de traitement graphique (\"GPU\") et d'autres composants\".<\/span><\/p>\n

L'app\u00e9tit insatiable pour les GPU<\/span><\/h2>\n

La puissance de calcul est un goulot d'\u00e9tranglement important pour le d\u00e9veloppement de l'IA, mais rares sont ceux qui pr\u00e9voient une demande de cette ampleur.<\/span><\/p>\n

Si ce niveau de demande \u00e9tait pr\u00e9visible, il y aurait plus de fabricants de puces d'IA que Nvidia et une poign\u00e9e de startups, Nvidia contr\u00f4lant au moins 84% du march\u00e9 selon certaines estimations. AMD et Intel commencent \u00e0 peine \u00e0 entrer dans le jeu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Raj Joshi, vice-pr\u00e9sident senior de Moody's Investors Service, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 : \"Personne n'aurait pu mod\u00e9liser la vitesse et l'ampleur de l'augmentation de la demande\", \"Je ne pense pas que l'industrie \u00e9tait pr\u00eate \u00e0 faire face \u00e0 une telle augmentation de la demande\".<\/span><\/p>\n

Lors de sa conf\u00e9rence t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique sur les r\u00e9sultats de mai, Nvidia a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle s'\u00e9tait \"procur\u00e9e un approvisionnement nettement plus important pour le second semestre\" afin de r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande croissante de puces d'intelligence artificielle.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

AMD, quant \u00e0 lui, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'il \u00e9tait pr\u00eat \u00e0 d\u00e9voiler sa r\u00e9ponse aux GPU AI de Nvidia vers la fin de l'ann\u00e9e. \"Nos solutions d'IA suscitent un tr\u00e8s vif int\u00e9r\u00eat de la part des clients dans tous les domaines\". a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le PDG d'AMD<\/a> Lisa Su.<\/span><\/p>\n

Certains experts du secteur estiment que la p\u00e9nurie de puces pourrait s'att\u00e9nuer d'ici deux \u00e0 trois ans, \u00e0 mesure que les concurrents de Nvidia \u00e9largiront leur offre. Plusieurs startups travaillent aujourd'hui jour et nuit pour <\/span>r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 cette demande explosive<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Toutes les entreprises capables de fabriquer des puces haut de gamme adapt\u00e9es aux charges de travail de l'IA tireront leur \u00e9pingle du jeu, mais il s'agit d'une cat\u00e9gorie rare, car la recherche et la fabrication des GPU sont exceptionnellement longues.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

L'IA doit s'all\u00e9ger<\/span><\/h2>\n

Des d\u00e9veloppeurs d'IA relativement r\u00e9cents comme Inflection se pr\u00e9cipitent pour construire des piles de formation colossales. <\/span><\/p>\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir soulev\u00e9 une <\/span>puissant $1.3bn<\/span><\/a>Inflection pr\u00e9voit d'assembler une grappe de GPU compos\u00e9e de 22 000 puces H100 haut de gamme.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c0 titre d'exemple, Nvidia, en collaboration avec CoreWeave, a r\u00e9cemment <\/span>a pulv\u00e9ris\u00e9 les crit\u00e8res de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence en mati\u00e8re d'entra\u00eenement \u00e0 l'IA<\/span><\/a> avec une grappe de 3 584 puces - y compris l'apprentissage d'un grand mod\u00e8le linguistique (LLM) tel que GPT-3.5 en 10 minutes environ.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Alors que la qu\u00eate de puissance des principaux acteurs de l'IA tourne autour de l'empilement des GPU dans ce qui commence \u00e0 ressembler \u00e0 un accaparement f\u00e9odal des terres, d'autres se concentrent sur l'am\u00e9lioration des mod\u00e8les d'IA afin d'obtenir un meilleur rendement de la technologie actuelle. <\/span><\/p>\n

Par exemple, les d\u00e9veloppeurs de la communaut\u00e9 open-source ont r\u00e9cemment trouv\u00e9 des moyens d'ex\u00e9cuter des LLM sur des appareils compacts tels que les MacBooks.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"La n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 est la m\u00e8re de l'invention, n'est-ce pas ? Sid Sheth, fondateur et PDG de la startup d'IA d-Matrix <\/span>a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 \u00e0 CNN<\/span><\/a>. \"Maintenant que les gens n'ont plus acc\u00e8s \u00e0 des quantit\u00e9s illimit\u00e9es de puissance de calcul, ils trouvent des moyens ing\u00e9nieux d'utiliser ce qu'ils ont de mani\u00e8re beaucoup plus intelligente.<\/span><\/p>\n

En outre, la p\u00e9nurie de GPU est une bonne nouvelle pour ceux qui souhaitent un ralentissement du d\u00e9veloppement de l'IA : la technologie doit-elle vraiment aller plus vite qu'elle ne le fait d\u00e9j\u00e0 ?<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>Probablement pas. Comme le dit Sheth, \"net-net, ce sera une b\u00e9n\u00e9diction d\u00e9guis\u00e9e\".<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les entreprises technologiques du monde entier sont avides de puces GPU haut de gamme, et les fabricants ne parviennent pas \u00e0 en produire suffisamment pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande. Derri\u00e8re chaque mod\u00e8le d'IA de haut niveau se cache une l\u00e9gion de GPU qui travaillent sans rel\u00e2che, et m\u00eame les acteurs les plus en vue de l'industrie n'arrivent pas \u00e0 s'en passer. L'entra\u00eenement des mod\u00e8les d'IA n\u00e9cessite d'immenses ressources informatiques, mais les fabricants sont relativement peu nombreux et les GPU haut de gamme ne se cr\u00e9ent pas du jour au lendemain. La grande majorit\u00e9 de la demande est retomb\u00e9e sur les \u00e9paules de Nvidia, v\u00e9t\u00e9ran du secteur, qui a vu sa capitalisation boursi\u00e8re atteindre $1tn cette ann\u00e9e. \u00c0 l'heure actuelle, rares sont ceux qui semblent \u00e0 l'abri de la p\u00e9nurie de GPU.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3882,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[84],"tags":[282,281,121,106,93,100],"class_list":["post-3881","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-industry","tag-amd","tag-gpus","tag-microsoft","tag-nvidia","tag-openai","tag-semiconductors"],"yoast_head":"\nShortages of high-end GPUs threaten to slow AI development | DailyAI<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The world\u2019s tech companies are hungry for chips, and manufacturers can\u2019t seem to chug out enough to meet demand.\u00a0\" 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