{"id":14657,"date":"2025-04-10T14:59:02","date_gmt":"2025-04-10T14:59:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/?p=14657"},"modified":"2026-10-25T14:50:36","modified_gmt":"2026-10-25T14:50:36","slug":"power-hungry-ai-will-devour-japan-sized-energy-supply-by-2030","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/fr\/2025\/04\/power-hungry-ai-will-devour-japan-sized-energy-supply-by-2030\/","title":{"rendered":"L'IA, grande consommatrice d'\u00e9nergie, engloutira d'ici 2030 une quantit\u00e9 d'\u00e9nergie \u00e9quivalente \u00e0 celle du Japon."},"content":{"rendered":"

L'IA met d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 rude \u00e9preuve les r\u00e9seaux \u00e9lectriques du monde entier, mais selon un nouveau rapport, ce n'est que le d\u00e9but.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u2019ici 2030, les centres de donn\u00e9es d\u00e9di\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019IA consommeront presque autant d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 que le Japon tout entier n\u2019en consomme aujourd\u2019hui, selon les estimations. derni\u00e8res pr\u00e9visions<\/a> de l'Agence internationale de l'\u00e9nergie (AIE).<\/span><\/p>\n

Les centres de donn\u00e9es actuels consomment d\u00e9j\u00e0 environ 1,5\u00a0% de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 mondiale<\/a> Cela repr\u00e9sente environ 415 t\u00e9rawattheures par an. L'AIE pr\u00e9voit que ce chiffre plus que doublera pour atteindre pr\u00e8s de 950 TWh d'ici 2030, ce qui repr\u00e9senterait pr\u00e8s de 3\u00a0% d'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 mondiale.<\/span><\/p>\n

Le v\u00e9ritable consommateur d'\u00e9nergie r\u00e9side dans le mat\u00e9riel sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 qui ex\u00e9cute les syst\u00e8mes d'IA. La demande en \u00e9lectricit\u00e9 pour ces \u201c serveurs acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9s \u201d augmentera de fa\u00e7on spectaculaire de 30\u00a0% par an jusqu'en 2030, tandis que celle des serveurs classiques progressera plus modestement de 9\u00a0% par an.<\/span><\/p>\n

Certains centres de donn\u00e9es d\u00e9j\u00e0 en construction consommeront autant d'\u00e9nergie que 2 millions de foyers moyens, tandis que d'autres, d\u00e9j\u00e0 annonc\u00e9s pour l'avenir, devraient en consommer jusqu'\u00e0 5 millions, voire plus.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"AIE\"
Certains centres de donn\u00e9es pourraient consommer l'\u00e9quivalent de plus de 4 millions de foyers. Source : AIE.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Une r\u00e9partition tr\u00e8s in\u00e9gale<\/b><\/h2>\n

D\u2019ici 2030, les centres de donn\u00e9es am\u00e9ricains consommeront environ 1 200 kilowattheures (kWh) par personne \u2013 soit environ 10\u00a0% de ce qu\u2019un m\u00e9nage am\u00e9ricain entier consomme en un an, et \u201c un ordre de grandeur sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 celui de toute autre r\u00e9gion du monde \u201d, selon l\u2019AIE. <\/span>L\u2019Afrique, quant \u00e0 elle, atteindra \u00e0 peine 2 kWh par personne.<\/span><\/p>\n

Au niveau r\u00e9gional, certaines zones subissent d\u00e9j\u00e0 les cons\u00e9quences de cette situation. En Irlande, les centres de donn\u00e9es consomment d\u00e9sormais l'incroyable quantit\u00e9 d'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 du pays, soit 201 Tbp6 T. Aux \u00c9tats-Unis, six \u00c9tats consacrent plus de 101 Tbp6 T \u00e0 leurs centres de donn\u00e9es, la Virginie arrivant en t\u00eate avec 251 Tbp6 T.<\/span><\/p>\n

Les \u00e9nergies propres peuvent-elles suivre le rythme ?<\/b><\/h2>\n

Malgr\u00e9 les craintes que l'app\u00e9tit de l'IA puisse saboter les objectifs climatiques, l'AIE estime que ces inqui\u00e9tudes sont \u201c exag\u00e9r\u00e9es \u201d.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Pr\u00e8s de la moiti\u00e9 de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 suppl\u00e9mentaire n\u00e9cessaire aux centres de donn\u00e9es d'ici 2030 devrait provenir de sources renouvelables, m\u00eame si les combustibles fossiles continueront de jouer un r\u00f4le pr\u00e9pond\u00e9rant.<\/span><\/p>\n

Le mix \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique varie consid\u00e9rablement selon les r\u00e9gions. En Chine, le charbon alimente aujourd'hui pr\u00e8s de 70\u00a0% de centres de donn\u00e9es. Aux \u00c9tats-Unis, le gaz naturel domine avec 40\u00a0%, suivi des \u00e9nergies renouvelables avec 24\u00a0%.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"AIE\"
Les \u00e9nergies renouvelables joueront un r\u00f4le d\u00e9terminant dans le d\u00e9veloppement de l'IA. Source\u00a0: AIE.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Pour l'avenir, petits r\u00e9acteurs nucl\u00e9aires modulaires (SMR)<\/a> Elle pourrait devenir essentielle pour satisfaire la consommation \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique de l'IA apr\u00e8s 2030.<\/span><\/p>\n

Des entreprises technologiques comme OpenAI pr\u00e9voient d\u00e9j\u00e0 de financer plus de 20 gigawatts de capacit\u00e9 de SMR, signe qu'elles se soucient de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique \u00e0 long terme. Microsoft souhaite m\u00eame relancer le projet. centrale nucl\u00e9aire d\u00e9saffect\u00e9e de Three Mile Island<\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Efficacit\u00e9 vs expansion<\/b><\/h2>\n

L'AIE envisage plusieurs sc\u00e9narios futurs possibles pour la consommation \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique de l'IA. <\/span>Dans leur sc\u00e9nario \u201c\u00a0d\u00e9collage\u00a0\u201d, qui suppose une adoption acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9e et g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e de l\u2019IA, la consommation mondiale d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 des centres de donn\u00e9es pourrait d\u00e9passer 1\u00a0700\u00a0TWh d\u2019ici 2035, soit pr\u00e8s de 45\u00a0% de plus que leur projection de base.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"D\u00e9collage
Le sc\u00e9nario de \u201c d\u00e9collage \u201d de l'AIE pr\u00e9voit une consommation \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique massive. Source : AIE.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Alternativement, leur sc\u00e9nario \u201c Haute efficacit\u00e9 \u201d sugg\u00e8re que des am\u00e9liorations au niveau des logiciels, du mat\u00e9riel et de l'infrastructure pourraient r\u00e9duire les besoins en \u00e9lectricit\u00e9 de plus de 15% tout en fournissant la m\u00eame capacit\u00e9 et les m\u00eames performances en mati\u00e8re d'IA. <\/span>Si l'IA rencontre des difficult\u00e9s, des \u2018 obstacles \u2019, sa consommation d'\u00e9nergie pourrait toutefois \u00eatre consid\u00e9rablement r\u00e9duite.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

La principale conclusion de l'AIE est que la prochaine d\u00e9cennie mettra \u00e0 l'\u00e9preuve le d\u00e9licat \u00e9quilibre trouv\u00e9 par l'IA entre puissance et efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique.<\/p>\n

La capacit\u00e9 du secteur technologique \u00e0 r\u00e9soudre cette \u00e9nigme pourrait avoir un impact non seulement sur l'avenir de l'IA, mais aussi sur son r\u00f4le dans la r\u00e9solution, plut\u00f4t que l'aggravation, de la crise climatique mondiale.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L'intelligence artificielle (IA) met d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 rude \u00e9preuve les r\u00e9seaux \u00e9lectriques du monde entier, mais selon un nouveau rapport, ce n'est que le d\u00e9but. D'ici 2030, les centres de donn\u00e9es d\u00e9di\u00e9s \u00e0 l'IA consommeront presque autant d'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 que le Japon tout entier aujourd'hui, selon les derni\u00e8res pr\u00e9visions de l'Agence internationale de l'\u00e9nergie (AIE). Actuellement, ces centres de donn\u00e9es consomment d\u00e9j\u00e0 environ 1,51 TWh (1,5\u00a0%) de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 mondiale, soit pr\u00e8s de 415 t\u00e9rawattheures par an. L'AIE pr\u00e9voit que ce chiffre plus que doublera d'ici 2030 pour atteindre pr\u00e8s de 950 TWh, ce qui repr\u00e9senterait pr\u00e8s de 31 TW6 T d'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle mondiale. Le v\u00e9ritable consommateur d'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 r\u00e9side dans le mat\u00e9riel sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 qui ex\u00e9cute les syst\u00e8mes d'IA.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":15533,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[84],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14657","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-industry"],"yoast_head":"\nPower-hungry AI will devour Japan-sized energy supply by 2030 | DailyAI<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/fr\/2025\/04\/power-hungry-ai-will-devour-japan-sized-energy-supply-by-2030\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Power-hungry AI will devour Japan-sized energy supply by 2030 | DailyAI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"AI is already straining power grids around the world, but according to a new report, we\u2019re only just getting started.\u00a0 By 2030, AI data centers will devour almost as much electricity as the entire country of Japan consumes today, according to the latest forecasts from the International Energy Agency (IEA). Today’s data centers already consume approximately 1.5% of the world’s electricity \u2013 that’s roughly 415 terawatt hours every year. The IEA expects this to more than double to nearly 950 TWh by 2030, claiming almost 3% of global electricity. The specialized hardware running AI systems is the real consumer. Electricity\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/fr\/2025\/04\/power-hungry-ai-will-devour-japan-sized-energy-supply-by-2030\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"DailyAI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-04-10T14:59:02+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-10-25T14:50:36+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image-7.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1152\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"640\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Sam Jeans\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@DailyAIOfficial\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@DailyAIOfficial\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta 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