{"id":13860,"date":"2024-08-15T09:35:30","date_gmt":"2024-08-15T09:35:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/?p=13860"},"modified":"2024-08-18T12:14:41","modified_gmt":"2024-08-18T12:14:41","slug":"study-challenges-the-narrative-of-ai-posing-an-existential-threat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/fr\/2024\/08\/study-challenges-the-narrative-of-ai-posing-an-existential-threat\/","title":{"rendered":"Une \u00e9tude remet en question l'id\u00e9e que l'IA constitue une \"menace existentielle\"."},"content":{"rendered":"

L'IA est-elle risqu\u00e9e ou non ? C'est un d\u00e9bat qui ne cesse de faire rage sans qu'aucune r\u00e9ponse d\u00e9finitive ne soit apport\u00e9e.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Les chercheurs de l'universit\u00e9 de Bath et de l'universit\u00e9 technique de Darmstadt ont lanc\u00e9 une \u00e9tude visant \u00e0 \u00e9valuer les risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 l'IA dans le contexte des mod\u00e8les linguistiques actuels tels que ChatGPT.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Les <\/span>r\u00e9sultats<\/span><\/a>publi\u00e9e dans le cadre de la 62e r\u00e9union annuelle de l'Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL 2024), remet en question l'id\u00e9e selon laquelle l'IA, en particulier les grands mod\u00e8les de langage (LLM) comme ChatGPT, pourrait \u00e9voluer au-del\u00e0 du contr\u00f4le humain et repr\u00e9senter une menace existentielle pour l'humanit\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cela va \u00e0 l'encontre des craintes exprim\u00e9es par certains des plus grands chercheurs en IA, notamment Geoffrey Hinton et Yoshua Bengio, deux des \"parrains de l'IA\" qui ont fait part de leurs inqui\u00e9tudes quant aux dangers potentiels de l'IA avanc\u00e9e.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Yann LeCun, troisi\u00e8me \"parrain de l'IA\" et responsable scientifique de l'IA chez Meta, aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s du Dr Gary Marcus et d'autres, soutient au contraire que les risques de l'IA sont <\/span>tout simplement exag\u00e9r\u00e9<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Cette divergence d'opinion parmi les personnalit\u00e9s les plus influentes du domaine a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 l'origine d'un certain nombre de probl\u00e8mes. <\/span>a aliment\u00e9 un d\u00e9bat houleux<\/span><\/a> sur la nature et la gravit\u00e9 des risques pos\u00e9s par les syst\u00e8mes d'IA avanc\u00e9s.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cette nouvelle \u00e9tude \u00e9tudie les \"capacit\u00e9s \u00e9mergentes\" des LLM, c'est-\u00e0-dire la capacit\u00e9 d'un mod\u00e8le \u00e0 effectuer des t\u00e2ches pour lesquelles il n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 explicitement form\u00e9.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Les risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 l'IA sont multiples, mais au moins certains d'entre eux sont li\u00e9s au fait que les mod\u00e8les d\u00e9veloppent leurs propres objectifs qui pourraient nuire aux humains, comme l'arr\u00eat de syst\u00e8mes informatiques ou la fuite de donn\u00e9es. <\/span><\/p>\n

La question examin\u00e9e est de savoir si un LLM peut ou non d\u00e9velopper spontan\u00e9ment ces comp\u00e9tences sans instruction ni contr\u00f4le.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Pour \u00e9tudier cette question, l'\u00e9quipe de recherche a men\u00e9 une s\u00e9rie d'exp\u00e9riences :<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Ils ont examin\u00e9 les m\u00e9canismes sous-jacents de l'\"apprentissage en contexte\" (ICL) dans les LLM, qui permet aux mod\u00e8les de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des r\u00e9ponses sur la base d'exemples fournis au cours des interactions. Comme l'indique l'\u00e9tude, \"la capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 suivre des instructions ne signifie pas que l'on poss\u00e8de des capacit\u00e9s de raisonnement et, plus important encore, elle n'implique pas la possibilit\u00e9 de capacit\u00e9s latentes, potentiellement dangereuses\".<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Ils ont \u00e9valu\u00e9 les capacit\u00e9s et les limites r\u00e9elles des LLM en \u00e9valuant leurs performances sur une s\u00e9rie de t\u00e2ches, y compris celles qui requi\u00e8rent un raisonnement complexe et des comp\u00e9tences en mati\u00e8re de r\u00e9solution de probl\u00e8mes. Les chercheurs affirment que les MFR ne peuvent pas d\u00e9velopper de nouvelles comp\u00e9tences de mani\u00e8re ind\u00e9pendante<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Ils ont analys\u00e9 la relation entre la taille du mod\u00e8le, les donn\u00e9es d'entra\u00eenement et les capacit\u00e9s \u00e9mergentes afin de d\u00e9terminer si l'augmentation de la complexit\u00e9 du mod\u00e8le permet \u00e0 l'IA de d\u00e9velopper des comp\u00e9tences dangereuses. Selon l'\u00e9tude, \"ces observations impliquent que nos r\u00e9sultats sont valables pour tout mod\u00e8le qui pr\u00e9sente une propension \u00e0 l'hallucination ou qui n\u00e9cessite une ing\u00e9nierie rapide, y compris ceux qui sont plus complexes, ind\u00e9pendamment de l'\u00e9chelle ou du nombre de modalit\u00e9s, comme le GPT-4\".<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Les chercheurs concluent de leur enqu\u00eate que \"le discours dominant selon lequel ce type d'IA est une menace pour l'humanit\u00e9 emp\u00eache l'adoption et le d\u00e9veloppement \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle de ces technologies et d\u00e9tourne l'attention des v\u00e9ritables probl\u00e8mes qui requi\u00e8rent notre attention\".<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ce point de vue rejoint celui de LeCun et d'autres, qui estiment que les risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 l'IA font l'objet d'une publicit\u00e9 excessive.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Cependant, si l'\u00e9valuation des risques pos\u00e9s par les mod\u00e8les d'IA actuels est \u00e9videmment essentielle, la prise en compte de l'avenir est une t\u00e2che plus difficile.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    Chaque g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de mod\u00e8les s'accompagne de nouvelles capacit\u00e9s et, par cons\u00e9quent, de nouveaux risques, comme le montrent certains comportements \u00e9tranges d\u00e9crits dans le document\u00a0Carte de test GPT-4o<\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    Lors d'un exercice de red teaming (con\u00e7u pour identifier les comportements impr\u00e9visibles de l'IA), la fonction vocale de GPT-4o a \u00e9tonnamment clon\u00e9 la voix d'un utilisateur et s'est mise \u00e0 lui parler avec sa propre voix.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    Il est essentiel de suivre les risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 l'IA au fur et \u00e0 mesure qu'ils apparaissent, car les r\u00e8gles du jeu changent constamment.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    L'\u00e9tude souligne que certains risques non existentiels li\u00e9s \u00e0 l'IA frappent d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 la porte : \"Les recherches futures devraient donc se concentrer sur d'autres risques pos\u00e9s par les mod\u00e8les, tels que leur potentiel \u00e0 \u00eatre utilis\u00e9s pour g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des fausses nouvelles\".<\/span><\/p>\n

    Comme l'admettent les auteurs, ce n'est pas parce que l'IA ne pose pas de menaces \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle \u00e0 l'heure actuelle que la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 n'est pas un probl\u00e8me.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    L'IA est-elle risqu\u00e9e ou non ? C'est un d\u00e9bat qui ne cesse de faire rage sans qu'aucune r\u00e9ponse d\u00e9finitive ne soit apport\u00e9e. Les chercheurs de l'universit\u00e9 de Bath et de l'universit\u00e9 technique de Darmstadt ont lanc\u00e9 une \u00e9tude pour \u00e9valuer les risques de l'IA dans le contexte des mod\u00e8les linguistiques actuels tels que ChatGPT. Les r\u00e9sultats, publi\u00e9s dans le cadre de la 62e r\u00e9union annuelle de l'Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL 2024), remettent en question l'id\u00e9e selon laquelle l'IA, en particulier les grands mod\u00e8les de langage (LLM) comme ChatGPT, pourrait \u00e9voluer au-del\u00e0 du contr\u00f4le humain et repr\u00e9senter une menace existentielle pour l'humanit\u00e9. Ces r\u00e9sultats vont \u00e0 l'encontre des craintes exprim\u00e9es par certains des plus grands sp\u00e9cialistes mondiaux de l'intelligence artificielle.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":13867,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[88],"tags":[163,105],"class_list":["post-13860","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ethics","tag-ai-risks","tag-machine-learning"],"yoast_head":"\nStudy challenges the narrative of AI posing an 'existential threat' | DailyAI<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/fr\/2024\/08\/study-challenges-the-narrative-of-ai-posing-an-existential-threat\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Study challenges the narrative of AI posing an 'existential threat' | DailyAI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Is AI risky or not? It\u2019s the debate that just keeps raging on without definitive answers. Contributing more evidence to this debate, University of Bath and the Technical University of Darmstadt researchers launched a study to evaluate AI risks in the context of current language models like ChatGPT.\u00a0 The findings, published as part of the 62nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL 2024), challenge views that AI, particularly large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT, could evolve beyond human control and pose an existential threat to humanity. This confronts the fears expressed by some of the world’s leading\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/fr\/2024\/08\/study-challenges-the-narrative-of-ai-posing-an-existential-threat\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"DailyAI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-08-15T09:35:30+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-08-18T12:14:41+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/DALL\u00b7E-2024-08-15-10.39.24-A-high-quality-realistic-photographic-style-landscape-image-depicting-existential-risk-with-AI-consuming-the-planet.-The-scene-features-Earth-seen-fr.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1792\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Sam Jeans\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" 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