{"id":1232,"date":"2023-06-04T11:55:47","date_gmt":"2023-06-04T11:55:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/?p=1232"},"modified":"2023-06-05T09:13:26","modified_gmt":"2023-06-05T09:13:26","slug":"us-drone-kills-operator-what-we-know-now","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/fr\/2023\/06\/us-drone-kills-operator-what-we-know-now\/","title":{"rendered":"Un drone am\u00e9ricain tue un op\u00e9rateur - ce que nous savons maintenant"},"content":{"rendered":"

S'exprimant le mois dernier lors d'une conf\u00e9rence de la Royal Aeronautical, le colonel am\u00e9ricain Tucker \"Cinco\" Hamilton a \u00e9voqu\u00e9 un sc\u00e9nario d'entra\u00eenement dans lequel un drone d'IA a tu\u00e9 son op\u00e9rateur.\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

Pr\u00e9sentation originale de Hamilton, <\/span>r\u00e9f\u00e9renc\u00e9e dans cet article de blog<\/span><\/a>Cette vid\u00e9o, devenue virale, d\u00e9crit une mission de suppression de la d\u00e9fense a\u00e9rienne ennemie (SEAD) au cours de laquelle un drone est charg\u00e9 de d\u00e9truire des missiles sol-air (SAM). Le drone agit de mani\u00e8re autonome mais a besoin d'humains pour confirmer ses cibles avant de les attaquer.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Hamilton d\u00e9crit une situation dans laquelle le drone se retourne contre ses op\u00e9rateurs apr\u00e8s qu'ils l'ont emp\u00each\u00e9 d'attaquer la cible.\u00a0<\/span>En effet, le drone re\u00e7oit des \"points\" pour la destruction du SAM, et lorsque l'op\u00e9rateur l'emp\u00eache de gagner ces points, il donne la priorit\u00e9 \u00e0 la \"mission sup\u00e9rieure\" consistant \u00e0 attaquer le SAM et consid\u00e8re l'op\u00e9rateur comme un obstacle. <\/span><\/p>\n

Le sc\u00e9nario d\u00e9crit une cons\u00e9quence possible de l'apprentissage par renforcement, une branche de l'apprentissage automatique o\u00f9 les IA sont r\u00e9compens\u00e9es pour avoir atteint les objectifs souhait\u00e9s. <\/span><\/p>\n

Voici l'extrait pertinent du billet de blog : \"<\/span>Nous l'entra\u00eenions en simulation \u00e0 identifier et \u00e0 cibler une menace SAM. L'op\u00e9rateur disait alors \"oui, tue cette menace\". Le syst\u00e8me a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 se rendre compte que m\u00eame s'il identifiait la menace \u00e0 certains moments, l'op\u00e9rateur humain lui demandait de ne pas la tuer, il obtenait des points en la tuant. Qu'a-t-il donc fait ? Il a tu\u00e9 l'op\u00e9rateur. Il a tu\u00e9 l'op\u00e9rateur parce que cette personne l'emp\u00eachait d'atteindre son objectif\".<\/p>\n

Hamilton a ajout\u00e9 : \"Nous avons form\u00e9 le syst\u00e8me : 'Ne tuez pas l'op\u00e9rateur, c'est mal. Vous allez perdre des points si vous faites \u00e7a'. Alors, que commence-t-il \u00e0 faire ? Il commence \u00e0 d\u00e9truire la tour de communication que l'op\u00e9rateur utilise pour communiquer avec le drone et l'emp\u00eacher de tuer la cible.<\/span><\/p>\n

Le public r\u00e9agit<\/span><\/h2>\n

Les m\u00e9dias et les observateurs des r\u00e9seaux sociaux se sont imm\u00e9diatement empar\u00e9s de l'histoire comme d'un exemple choquant de ce qui se passe lorsque l'IA se retourne contre ses cr\u00e9ateurs.<\/span><\/p>\n

Il s'est av\u00e9r\u00e9 par la suite que cet exemple \u00e9tait purement illustratif. Hamilton et l'US Air Force ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que le sc\u00e9nario \u00e9tait hypoth\u00e9tique, anecdotique et \"sorti de son contexte\".<\/span><\/p>\n

En effet, la section du billet de blog d\u00e9crivant le sc\u00e9nario portait un titre ironique : \"AI - Skynet est-il d\u00e9j\u00e0 l\u00e0 ?\".<\/span><\/p>\n

L'article original a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement mis \u00e0 jour le 2 juin :<\/span><\/p>\n

Dans une communication avec AEROSPACE, le colonel Hamilton admet qu'il s'est \"mal exprim\u00e9\" lors de sa pr\u00e9sentation au sommet FCAS de la Royal Aeronautical Society et que la \"simulation de drone IA voyou\" \u00e9tait une \"exp\u00e9rience de pens\u00e9e\" hypoth\u00e9tique provenant de l'ext\u00e9rieur de l'arm\u00e9e, bas\u00e9e sur des sc\u00e9narios plausibles et des r\u00e9sultats probables plut\u00f4t qu'une simulation r\u00e9elle de l'USAF\".<\/span><\/p>\n

M. Hamilton a \u00e9galement d\u00e9clar\u00e9 : \"Nous n'avons jamais r\u00e9alis\u00e9 cette exp\u00e9rience, et nous n'aurions pas besoin de le faire pour nous rendre compte qu'il s'agit d'un r\u00e9sultat plausible\".\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Le sc\u00e9nario est-il plausible ?<\/span><\/h2>\n

L'IA qui se retourne contre les humains pour atteindre un objectif plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 est un th\u00e8me r\u00e9current de la science-fiction.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Par exemple, les humains peuvent entraver l'autonomie d'autrui par la coercition, la manipulation et la tromperie, alors pourquoi l'IA intelligente n'en serait-elle pas \u00e9galement capable ? Et si les humains \u00e9taient consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme un \"obstacle\" \u00e0 la r\u00e9alisation du bien commun par l'IA ?<\/span><\/p>\n

La r\u00e9cente <\/span>D\u00e9claration sur les risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 l'IA<\/span><\/a>cosign\u00e9 par 350 leaders de la technologie de l'IA et des universitaires de tout le secteur, met en lumi\u00e8re ces pr\u00e9occupations.<\/span><\/p>\n

Les auteurs citent un billet de blog de l'\u00e9minent chercheur en IA Yoshuo Bengio intitul\u00e9 <\/span>Comment les IA malveillantes peuvent-elles appara\u00eetre ?<\/span><\/a>qui fait r\u00e9f\u00e9rence au type de sc\u00e9narios d\u00e9crits par le colonel Hamilton :<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Par exemple, les organisations militaires qui cherchent \u00e0 concevoir des agents d'IA pour les aider dans une cyberguerre, ou les entreprises qui se livrent une concurrence f\u00e9roce pour obtenir des parts de march\u00e9, peuvent constater qu'elles peuvent obtenir des syst\u00e8mes d'IA plus puissants en les dotant d'une plus grande autonomie et d'un plus grand pouvoir d'action. M\u00eame si les objectifs fix\u00e9s par l'homme ne visent pas \u00e0 d\u00e9truire l'humanit\u00e9 ou ne comportent pas d'instructions pour \u00e9viter des dommages humains \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle, des dommages massifs peuvent survenir indirectement en cons\u00e9quence d'un sous-objectif (\u00e9galement appel\u00e9 objectif instrumental) que l'IA se fixe afin d'atteindre l'objectif fix\u00e9 par l'homme\" - Yoshuo Bengio.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ainsi, bien qu'illustratifs, les exemples de Hamilton sont repris par certains des universitaires les plus respect\u00e9s dans le domaine de l'IA. <\/span><\/p>\n

Si les humains sont peut-\u00eatre instinctivement conscients de ces risques, ils doivent \u00eatre activement g\u00e9r\u00e9s, car ils ne se limitent pas toujours au domaine de la fiction.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

S'exprimant le mois dernier lors d'une conf\u00e9rence de la Royal Aeronautical, le colonel am\u00e9ricain Tucker \"Cinco\" Hamilton a fait r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 un sc\u00e9nario d'entra\u00eenement dans lequel un drone IA a tu\u00e9 son op\u00e9rateur. La pr\u00e9sentation originale de Hamilton, r\u00e9f\u00e9renc\u00e9e dans ce billet de blog, qui est devenu viral, d\u00e9crit une mission de suppression de la d\u00e9fense a\u00e9rienne ennemie (SEAD) dans laquelle un drone est charg\u00e9 de d\u00e9truire des missiles sol-air (SAM). Le drone agit de mani\u00e8re autonome mais a besoin d'humains pour confirmer ses cibles avant de les attaquer. Hamilton d\u00e9crit une situation dans laquelle le drone se retourne contre ses op\u00e9rateurs apr\u00e8s qu'ils l'ont emp\u00each\u00e9 d'attaquer la cible. En effet, le drone re\u00e7oit des \"points\" pour la destruction du SAM.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1233,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[88],"tags":[105],"class_list":["post-1232","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ethics","tag-machine-learning"],"yoast_head":"\nUS drone kills operator \u2013 what we know now | DailyAI<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/fr\/2023\/06\/us-drone-kills-operator-what-we-know-now\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"US drone kills operator \u2013 what we know now | DailyAI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Speaking at a Royal Aeronautical conference last month, US Colonel Tucker \u201cCinco\u201d Hamilton referenced a training scenario where an AI drone killed its operator.\u00a0 Hamilton’s original presentation, referenced in this blog post, which went viral, describes a suppression of enemy air defense (SEAD) mission where a drone is instructed to destroy surface-to-air-missiles (SAMs). 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