{"id":10679,"date":"2024-03-12T18:07:19","date_gmt":"2024-03-12T18:07:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/?p=10679"},"modified":"2024-03-13T17:26:08","modified_gmt":"2024-03-13T17:26:08","slug":"researchers-use-ai-to-explore-how-genetics-influence-cardiac-structure","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/fr\/2024\/03\/researchers-use-ai-to-explore-how-genetics-influence-cardiac-structure\/","title":{"rendered":"Des chercheurs utilisent l'IA pour \u00e9tudier l'influence de la g\u00e9n\u00e9tique sur la structure cardiaque"},"content":{"rendered":"

Une \u00e9quipe de recherche internationale a utilis\u00e9 l'IA pour \u00e9tudier l'influence de la g\u00e9n\u00e9tique sur la structure du ventricule gauche du c\u0153ur.<\/b><\/p>\n

Les <\/span>\u00e9tude<\/span><\/a>publi\u00e9e dans Nature, a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e par l'universit\u00e9 de Manchester en collaboration avec l'universit\u00e9 de Leeds, le Conseil national de la recherche scientifique et technique en Argentine et IBM Research en Californie.<\/span><\/p>\n

Les chercheurs ont utilis\u00e9 l'apprentissage profond non supervis\u00e9 pour analyser plus de 50 000 images IRM 3D de la UK Biobank, cr\u00e9ant ainsi une base pour l'analyse de zones sp\u00e9cifiques de la structure du c\u0153ur \u00e0 la recherche d'associations g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques \u00e0 l'aide d'\u00e9tudes d'association \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle du g\u00e9nome et du transcriptome (GWAS et TWAS).<\/span><\/p>\n

Elle visait \u00e0 d\u00e9terminer comment la structure du c\u0153ur est li\u00e9e \u00e0 la g\u00e9n\u00e9tique, ouvrant ainsi la voie \u00e0 l'exploration de l'impact de la g\u00e9n\u00e9tique sur la formation et la structure des organes. <\/span><\/p>\n

Cela pourrait faire avancer la recherche sur les formes de maladies cardiaques cong\u00e9nitales influenc\u00e9es par la g\u00e9n\u00e9tique.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Voici un bref aper\u00e7u de son fonctionnement :<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Collecte et pr\u00e9paration des donn\u00e9es<\/b>: L'\u00e9quipe a commenc\u00e9 par exploiter la base de donn\u00e9es de la UK Biobank, en s\u00e9lectionnant plus de 50 000 images IRM tridimensionnelles du c\u0153ur. Ces images ont fourni les donn\u00e9es de base pour l'analyse de la structure et de la morphologie du ventricule gauche.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Formation de mod\u00e8les non supervis\u00e9s<\/b>: Les chercheurs ont ensuite utilis\u00e9 des mod\u00e8les d'apprentissage profond non supervis\u00e9s pour apprendre des structures \u00e0 partir de ces images, ce qui signifie que les mod\u00e8les ont identifi\u00e9 des mod\u00e8les et des caract\u00e9ristiques dans les donn\u00e9es sans \u00e9tiquetage pr\u00e9alable.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Extraction de caract\u00e9ristiques g\u00e9om\u00e9triques<\/b>: Les mod\u00e8les non supervis\u00e9s \u00e9tant en place, l'\u00e9quipe s'est ensuite concentr\u00e9e sur l'extraction des caract\u00e9ristiques g\u00e9om\u00e9triques des images repr\u00e9sentant le ventricule gauche d\u00e9riv\u00e9es des donn\u00e9es de l'IRM cardiaque.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. \u00c9tudes d'association \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle du g\u00e9nome et du transcriptome (GWAS et TWAS)<\/b>: Arm\u00e9s des caract\u00e9ristiques extraites, les chercheurs ont proc\u00e9d\u00e9 \u00e0 des \u00e9tudes d'association pang\u00e9nomique (GWAS) et \u00e0 des \u00e9tudes d'association th\u00e9rapeutique (TWAS). Ces analyses leur ont permis de tester l'association entre la g\u00e9n\u00e9tique et la structure du ventricule gauche.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. R\u00e9sultats<\/b>: 49 nouvelles localisations g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9es avec des associations fortes avec la morphologie du c\u0153ur, et 25 autres ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mod\u00e9r\u00e9ment associ\u00e9es.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Le professeur Alejandro F. Frangi a expliqu\u00e9 l'\u00e9tude en d\u00e9clarant : \"Il s'agit d'une r\u00e9alisation qui, autrefois, aurait relev\u00e9 de la science-fiction, mais nous montrons qu'il est tout \u00e0 fait possible d'utiliser l'IA pour comprendre le fondement g\u00e9n\u00e9tique du ventricule gauche, simplement en regardant des images tridimensionnelles du c\u0153ur\".\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00c9crire sur le <\/span>Blog de l'Universit\u00e9 de Manchester<\/span><\/a>\u00c0 l'issue de l'\u00e9tude, M. Frangi a \u00e9voqu\u00e9 les limites des \u00e9tudes ant\u00e9rieures et les avanc\u00e9es rendues possibles par ces nouvelles m\u00e9thodes : \"Cependant, cette \u00e9tude a utilis\u00e9 l'IA non seulement pour d\u00e9limiter les cavit\u00e9s cardiaques \u00e0 partir d'images m\u00e9dicales tridimensionnelles, mais aussi pour d\u00e9voiler de nouveaux loci g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques associ\u00e9s \u00e0 divers ph\u00e9notypes cardiovasculaires profonds.\"<\/span><\/p>\n

    Les r\u00e9sultats de l'\u00e9tude permettent de mieux comprendre les fondements g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques de la sant\u00e9 cardiovasculaire et ouvrent de nouvelles voies pour le d\u00e9veloppement de th\u00e9rapies cibl\u00e9es et de la m\u00e9decine de pr\u00e9cision.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    Comme le d\u00e9crit le professeur Bryan Williams de la British Heart Foundation, \"cette nouvelle recherche montre l'\u00e9norme puissance du big data reliant les g\u00e8nes \u00e0 la structure du c\u0153ur. L'apprentissage automatique a rendu cela possible en transformant la fa\u00e7on dont nous traitons, analysons et obtenons des informations \u00e0 partir des big data pour aborder les plus grandes questions de la recherche cardiovasculaire.\"\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    Des mod\u00e8les d'IA ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9s pour produire des cartes 3D d\u00e9taill\u00e9es d'organes, y compris le cerveau humain, comme dans le projet de l'Union europ\u00e9enne intitul\u00e9 \"La sant\u00e9 et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 au travail\". <\/span>le Human Brain Project (HBP) \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    Il s'agit d'une \u00e9tape suppl\u00e9mentaire dans l'\u00e9tablissement d'un lien entre la g\u00e9n\u00e9tique et la structure des organes, qui permet de mieux comprendre la morphologie du c\u0153ur et les facteurs g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques qui la d\u00e9terminent.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Une \u00e9quipe de recherche internationale a utilis\u00e9 l'IA pour \u00e9tudier l'influence de la g\u00e9n\u00e9tique sur la structure du ventricule gauche du c\u0153ur. L'\u00e9tude, publi\u00e9e dans Nature, a \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9e par l'universit\u00e9 de Manchester en collaboration avec l'universit\u00e9 de Leeds, le Conseil national de la recherche scientifique et technique en Argentine et IBM Research en Californie. Les chercheurs ont utilis\u00e9 l'apprentissage profond non supervis\u00e9 pour analyser plus de 50 000 images IRM 3D provenant de la biobanque britannique, cr\u00e9ant ainsi une base pour l'analyse de zones sp\u00e9cifiques de la structure du c\u0153ur \u00e0 la recherche d'associations g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques \u00e0 l'aide d'\u00e9tudes d'association \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle du g\u00e9nome et du transcriptome (GWAS et TWAS). L'objectif \u00e9tait de d\u00e9terminer comment la structure du c\u0153ur est li\u00e9e \u00e0 la maladie.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":10680,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[84],"tags":[203,204,178],"class_list":["post-10679","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-industry","tag-biotech","tag-healthcare","tag-medicine"],"yoast_head":"\nResearchers use AI to explore how genetics influence cardiac structure | DailyAI<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"An international research team used AI to explore how genetics influence the structure of the heart's left ventricle.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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