{"id":14299,"date":"2024-09-22T10:54:13","date_gmt":"2024-09-22T10:54:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/?p=14299"},"modified":"2024-09-23T17:18:41","modified_gmt":"2024-09-23T17:18:41","slug":"the-2024-nature-index-reveals-how-ai-is-transforming-every-aspect-of-scientific-research","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/es\/2024\/09\/the-2024-nature-index-reveals-how-ai-is-transforming-every-aspect-of-scientific-research\/","title":{"rendered":"El \u00cdndice Nature 2024 revela c\u00f3mo la IA est\u00e1 transformando todos los aspectos de la investigaci\u00f3n cient\u00edfica"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>El suplemento 2024 del Nature Index sobre Inteligencia Artificial, publicado esta semana, revela un mundo cient\u00edfico inmerso en un cambio de paradigma impulsado por la IA.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Este informe anual, publicado por la revista Nature, realiza un seguimiento de la ciencia de alta calidad midiendo los resultados de la investigaci\u00f3n en 82 revistas de ciencias naturales, seleccionadas por un grupo independiente de investigadores.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La \u00faltima edici\u00f3n ilustra c\u00f3mo la IA no s\u00f3lo est\u00e1 cambiando lo que estudian los cient\u00edficos, sino que est\u00e1 alterando fundamentalmente la forma en que la investigaci\u00f3n se lleva a cabo, se eval\u00faa y se aplica en todo el mundo.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Una de las tendencias m\u00e1s llamativas que revela el \u00cdndice es el aumento del <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-024-02986-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">investigaci\u00f3n empresarial sobre IA<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Las empresas estadounidenses han duplicado con creces su producci\u00f3n en las revistas del \u00cdndice Nature desde 2019, y su Share (m\u00e9trica utilizada por el \u00cdndice para medir la producci\u00f3n investigadora) ha aumentado de 51,8 a 106,5.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sin embargo, este auge de la actividad de I+D viene acompa\u00f1ado de una advertencia: s\u00f3lo representa 3,8% de la producci\u00f3n total de investigaci\u00f3n sobre IA en EE.UU. en estas publicaciones. En esencia, a pesar del importante aumento de la I+D empresarial en IA, no hemos visto que esos esfuerzos se reflejen en los resultados de la investigaci\u00f3n p\u00fablica.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Esto plantea interrogantes sobre la ubicaci\u00f3n de la investigaci\u00f3n empresarial sobre IA. Publican las empresas sus trabajos m\u00e1s innovadores en otros lugares o los mantienen bajo llave? <\/span><\/p>\n<p>La respuesta es una competencia de nombres y narrativas. OpenAI, Microsoft, Google, Anthropic y un pu\u00f1ado m\u00e1s est\u00e1n firmemente atrincherados en el modelo de c\u00f3digo cerrado, pero la industria de la IA de c\u00f3digo abierto, liderada por Meta, Mistral y otros, est\u00e1 ganando terreno r\u00e1pidamente.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A ello contribuye la asombrosa disparidad de financiaci\u00f3n entre empresas privadas e instituciones p\u00fablicas en la investigaci\u00f3n de la IA.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">En 2021, seg\u00fan el Informe sobre el \u00cdndice de IA de la Universidad de Stanford, la inversi\u00f3n del sector privado en IA en todo el mundo alcanz\u00f3 aproximadamente $93,5 mil millones.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Esto incluye el gasto de gigantes tecnol\u00f3gicos como Google, Microsoft y Amazon, as\u00ed como de empresas emergentes centradas en la IA y otras corporaciones de diversos sectores.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">En cambio, la financiaci\u00f3n p\u00fablica de la investigaci\u00f3n en IA es mucho menor. El gasto en I+D de IA no relacionada con la defensa del Gobierno de EE.UU. en 2021 fue de unos 1.400 millones de euros, mientras que la Comisi\u00f3n Europea destin\u00f3 unos 1.000 millones de euros (aproximadamente 1.000 millones de euros) a la investigaci\u00f3n de IA ese a\u00f1o.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Este vac\u00edo en el gasto de recursos est\u00e1 dando ventaja a las empresas privadas en el desarrollo de la IA. Pueden permitirse recursos inform\u00e1ticos m\u00e1s potentes y conjuntos de datos m\u00e1s grandes y atraer a los mejores talentos con salarios m\u00e1s altos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\"Cada vez nos encontramos m\u00e1s ante una situaci\u00f3n en la que la investigaci\u00f3n sobre IA de primer nivel se realiza principalmente en los laboratorios de investigaci\u00f3n de un n\u00famero bastante reducido de empresas, en su mayor\u00eda estadounidenses\". <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-024-02985-3\">explic\u00f3 Holger Hoos<\/a>investigador de Inteligencia Artificial de la Universidad RWTH de Aquisgr\u00e1n (Alemania).<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mientras Estados Unidos mantiene su liderazgo en la investigaci\u00f3n de la IA, pa\u00edses como China, Reino Unido y Alemania est\u00e1n emergiendo como importantes centros de innovaci\u00f3n y colaboraci\u00f3n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sin embargo, este crecimiento no es uniforme en todo el mundo.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sud\u00e1frica es el \u00fanico pa\u00eds africano entre los 40 primeros en producci\u00f3n de IA, lo que demuestra que la brecha digital corre el riesgo de agravarse en la era de la IA.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><strong>La IA en la revisi\u00f3n inter pares: promesa y peligro<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La revisi\u00f3n por hom\u00f3logos garantiza el rigor acad\u00e9mico y metodol\u00f3gico y la transparencia cuando los trabajos se env\u00edan a las revistas. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Este a\u00f1o, un art\u00edculo sin sentido con test\u00edculos de rata gigantes generados por IA fue <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/es\/2024\/02\/peer-reviewed-paper-published-in-frontiers-with-nonsense-ai-images\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">publicado en Frontiers<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">lo que indica que el proceso de revisi\u00f3n por pares dista mucho de ser impenetrable.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Alguien us\u00f3 <span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\"><span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\"><span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\"><span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\"><span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\"><span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\"><span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\">DALL-E<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> para crear cifras cient\u00edficas de galimat\u00edas y presentarlas a <span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\"><span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\"><span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\"><span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\"><span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\"><span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\"><span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\">Frontiers Journal<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>. \u00bfY adivina qu\u00e9? El editor lo public\u00f3. LOL<a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/hjQkRQDkal\">https:\/\/t.co\/hjQkRQDkal<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/aV1USo6Vt2\">https:\/\/t.co\/aV1<span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\"><span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\"><span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\"><span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\"><span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\"><span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\"><span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\">US<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>o6Vt2<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/VAkjJkY4dR\">pic.twitter.com\/VAkjJkY4dR<\/a><\/p>\n<p>- Veera Rajagopal \uea00 (@doctorveera) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/doctorveera\/status\/1758130007400915131?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">15 de febrero de 2024<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Experimentos recientes han demostrado que la IA puede generar informes de evaluaci\u00f3n de la investigaci\u00f3n casi indistinguibles de los redactados por expertos humanos.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El a\u00f1o pasado, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/es\/2023\/10\/chatgpt-shows-strengths-in-emulating-the-peer-review-process\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">un experimento<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Al comparar las revisiones por pares de ChatGPT con las de revisores humanos sobre el mismo art\u00edculo, se descubri\u00f3 que m\u00e1s de 50% de los comentarios de la IA sobre los art\u00edculos de Nature y m\u00e1s de 77% sobre los art\u00edculos del ICLR coincid\u00edan con los puntos planteados por los revisores humanos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Por supuesto, ChatGPT es mucho m\u00e1s r\u00e1pido que los revisores humanos. \"Cada vez es m\u00e1s dif\u00edcil para los investigadores obtener comentarios de alta calidad de los revisores\", afirma James Zou, de la Universidad de Stanford, investigador principal del experimento.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>La relaci\u00f3n de la IA con la investigaci\u00f3n est\u00e1 planteando cuestiones fundamentales sobre la evaluaci\u00f3n cient\u00edfica y sobre si el juicio humano es intr\u00ednseco al proceso. El equilibrio entre la eficiencia de la IA y la perspicacia humana es una de las cuestiones clave a las que tendr\u00e1n que enfrentarse los cient\u00edficos de todos los campos en los pr\u00f3ximos a\u00f1os.<\/p>\n<p>La IA pronto podr\u00eda ser capaz de gestionar todo el proceso de investigaci\u00f3n, de principio a fin, dejando de lado a los investigadores humanos.<\/p>\n<p>Por ejemplo, <a href=\"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/es\/2024\/08\/ai-scientist-performs-fully-automatic-scientific-discovery\/\"><span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\"><span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\"><span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\"><span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\"><span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\"><span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\"><span class=\"noTranslate\" data-no-translation=\"\">Sakana<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Cient\u00edfico de IA<\/a> genera de forma aut\u00f3noma nuevas ideas de investigaci\u00f3n, dise\u00f1a y realiza experimentos, e incluso redacta y revisa art\u00edculos cient\u00edficos. Esto hace pensar en un futuro en el que la IA podr\u00eda impulsar los descubrimientos cient\u00edficos con una intervenci\u00f3n humana m\u00ednima.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Desde el punto de vista metodol\u00f3gico, el uso del aprendizaje autom\u00e1tico para procesar y analizar datos conlleva riesgos. Princeton <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/es\/2024\/05\/princeton-led-team-warns-that-machine-learning-brings-peril-to-science\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">los investigadores argumentaron<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> que, dado que muchas t\u00e9cnicas de ML no pueden reproducirse f\u00e1cilmente, esto erosiona la replicabilidad de los experimentos, un principio clave de la ciencia de alta calidad.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">En \u00faltima instancia, el ascenso de la IA a la prominencia en todos los aspectos de la investigaci\u00f3n y la ciencia est\u00e1 ganando impulso, y es probable que el proceso sea irreversible.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El a\u00f1o pasado, Nature <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/es\/2023\/09\/science-journal-nature-surveys-1600-researchers-about-ai\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">encuest\u00f3 a 1.600 investigadores<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> y descubri\u00f3 que 66% creen que la IA permite un procesamiento m\u00e1s r\u00e1pido de los datos, 58% que acelera an\u00e1lisis antes inviables y 55% consideran que es una soluci\u00f3n que ahorra costes y tiempo.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Como concluye Simon Baker, autor principal del resumen del suplemento: \"La IA est\u00e1 cambiando para siempre la forma de trabajar de los investigadores, pero la experiencia humana debe seguir prevaleciendo\".<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La cuesti\u00f3n ahora es c\u00f3mo se adaptar\u00e1 la comunidad cient\u00edfica mundial al papel de la IA en la investigaci\u00f3n, garantizando que la revoluci\u00f3n de la IA en la ciencia beneficie a toda la humanidad, y sin riesgos imprevistos que causen estragos en la ciencia.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Como ocurre con tantos aspectos de la tecnolog\u00eda, dominar tanto las ventajas como los riesgos es un reto, pero necesario para garantizar un camino seguro hacia el futuro.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>El suplemento 2024 del \u00cdndice Nature sobre Inteligencia Artificial, publicado esta semana, revela un mundo cient\u00edfico inmerso en un cambio de paradigma impulsado por la IA.  Este informe anual, publicado por la revista Nature, realiza un seguimiento de la ciencia de alta calidad midiendo los resultados de la investigaci\u00f3n en 82 revistas de ciencias naturales, seleccionadas por un grupo independiente de investigadores. La \u00faltima edici\u00f3n ilustra c\u00f3mo la IA no s\u00f3lo est\u00e1 cambiando lo que estudian los cient\u00edficos, sino que est\u00e1 alterando fundamentalmente la forma en que la investigaci\u00f3n se lleva a cabo, se eval\u00faa y se aplica en todo el mundo.  Una de las tendencias m\u00e1s sorprendentes que revela el \u00cdndice es el auge de la investigaci\u00f3n empresarial sobre IA. Las empresas estadounidenses han duplicado con creces su producci\u00f3n en<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":14303,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[88],"tags":[105,135],"class_list":["post-14299","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ethics","tag-machine-learning","tag-science"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The 2024 Nature Index reveals how AI is transforming every aspect of scientific research | DailyAI<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/es\/2024\/09\/the-2024-nature-index-reveals-how-ai-is-transforming-every-aspect-of-scientific-research\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The 2024 Nature Index reveals how AI is transforming every aspect of scientific research | DailyAI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The 2024 Nature Index supplement on Artificial Intelligence, released this week, reveals a scientific world in the throes of an AI-driven paradigm shift.\u00a0 This annual report, published by the journal Nature, tracks high-quality science by measuring research outputs in 82 natural science journals, selected by an independent panel of researchers. The latest edition illustrates how AI is not just changing what scientists study, but fundamentally altering how research is conducted, evaluated, and applied globally.\u00a0 One of the most striking trends revealed in the Index is the surge in corporate AI research. US companies have more than doubled their output in\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/es\/2024\/09\/the-2024-nature-index-reveals-how-ai-is-transforming-every-aspect-of-scientific-research\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"DailyAI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-09-22T10:54:13+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-09-23T17:18:41+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/DALL\u00b7E-2024-09-22-11.55.33-A-smooth-and-photorealistic-depiction-of-AI-transforming-scientific-research.-In-the-center-a-glowing-AI-brain-or-neural-network-is-elegantly-integra.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1792\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Sam Jeans\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" 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