{"id":11524,"date":"2024-04-12T18:09:26","date_gmt":"2024-04-12T18:09:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/?p=11524"},"modified":"2024-04-12T18:12:33","modified_gmt":"2024-04-12T18:12:33","slug":"researchers-build-tyche-to-embrace-uncertainty-in-medical-imaging","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/es\/2024\/04\/researchers-build-tyche-to-embrace-uncertainty-in-medical-imaging\/","title":{"rendered":"Los investigadores construyen \"Tyche\" para hacer frente a la incertidumbre en la imagen m\u00e9dica"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>La imagen m\u00e9dica es un campo complejo en el que interpretar los resultados puede ser todo un reto. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Los modelos de inteligencia artificial pueden ayudar a los m\u00e9dicos analizando im\u00e1genes que podr\u00edan indicar anomal\u00edas causantes de enfermedades.<\/p>\n<p>Sin embargo, hay una trampa: estos modelos de IA suelen dar una \u00fanica soluci\u00f3n cuando, en realidad, las im\u00e1genes m\u00e9dicas suelen tener m\u00faltiples interpretaciones.<\/p>\n<p>Si pide a cinco expertos que esbocen un \u00e1rea de inter\u00e9s, como un peque\u00f1o bulto en un esc\u00e1ner pulmonar, podr\u00eda acabar con cinco dibujos diferentes, ya que todos podr\u00edan tener sus propias opiniones sobre d\u00f3nde empieza y acaba el bulto, por ejemplo.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Para hacer frente a este problema, investigadores del MIT, el Instituto Broad del MIT de Harvard y el Hospital General de Massachusetts han creado Tyche, un sistema de IA que acepta la ambig\u00fcedad en la segmentaci\u00f3n de im\u00e1genes m\u00e9dicas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La segmentaci\u00f3n consiste en etiquetar p\u00edxeles espec\u00edficos de una imagen m\u00e9dica que representan estructuras importantes, como \u00f3rganos o c\u00e9lulas.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Marianne Rakic, candidata al doctorado en inform\u00e1tica del MIT y autora principal del <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/html\/2401.13650v1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">estudiar<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">explica: \"Tener opciones puede ayudar en la toma de decisiones. Incluso el mero hecho de ver que hay incertidumbre en una imagen m\u00e9dica puede influir en las decisiones de alguien, por lo que es importante tener en cuenta esta incertidumbre.\"<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tyche, que recibe su nombre de la diosa griega del azar, genera m\u00faltiples segmentaciones posibles para una sola imagen m\u00e9dica con el fin de captar la ambig\u00fcedad.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cada segmentaci\u00f3n destaca regiones ligeramente diferentes, lo que permite a los usuarios elegir la m\u00e1s adecuada a sus necesidades.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rakic dice <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/news.mit.edu\/2024\/new-ai-method-captures-uncertainty-medical-images-0411\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Noticias del MIT<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\"Dar salida a varios candidatos y asegurarse de que son diferentes entre s\u00ed realmente te da una ventaja\".<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00bfC\u00f3mo funciona Tyche? Desglos\u00e9moslo en cuatro sencillos pasos:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Aprender con el ejemplo<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Los usuarios proporcionan a Tyche un peque\u00f1o conjunto de im\u00e1genes de ejemplo, denominado \"conjunto de contexto\", que muestran la tarea de segmentaci\u00f3n que desean realizar. Estos ejemplos pueden incluir im\u00e1genes segmentadas por diferentes expertos humanos, lo que ayuda al modelo a comprender la tarea y las posibles ambig\u00fcedades.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Ajustes de la red neuronal<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Los investigadores modificaron una arquitectura de red neuronal est\u00e1ndar para que Tyche pudiera manejar la incertidumbre. Ajustaron las capas de la red para que las segmentaciones potenciales generadas en cada paso pudieran \"comunicarse\" entre s\u00ed y con los ejemplos del conjunto contextual.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>M\u00faltiples posibilidades<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Tyche est\u00e1 dise\u00f1ado para generar m\u00faltiples predicciones basadas en una \u00fanica imagen m\u00e9dica de entrada y el conjunto de contextos.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Recompensar la calidad<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: El proceso de entrenamiento se ha modificado para recompensar a Tyche por producir la mejor predicci\u00f3n posible. Si el usuario pide cinco predicciones, puede ver las cinco segmentaciones de im\u00e1genes m\u00e9dicas producidas por Tyche, aunque una sea mejor.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<figure id=\"attachment_11526\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-11526\" style=\"width: 875px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11526 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/x1.png\" alt=\"Imagen m\u00e9dica IA\" width=\"875\" height=\"789\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/x1.png 875w, https:\/\/dailyai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/x1-300x271.png 300w, https:\/\/dailyai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/x1-768x693.png 768w, https:\/\/dailyai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/x1-60x54.png 60w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 875px) 100vw, 875px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-11526\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">En la parte superior, los anotadores humanos muestran variaciones en la segmentaci\u00f3n de resultados de im\u00e1genes m\u00e9dicas, ya que existen m\u00faltiples interpretaciones. Las t\u00e9cnicas automatizadas tradicionales (centro) suelen estar dise\u00f1adas para tareas espec\u00edficas y generan una \u00fanica segmentaci\u00f3n por imagen. En cambio, Tyche (abajo) capta h\u00e1bilmente la gama de desacuerdos de los anotadores en varias modalidades y estructuras anat\u00f3micas, eliminando la necesidad de reentrenamientos o ajustes. Fuente: <a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/html\/2401.13650v1\">ArXiv<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Uno de los puntos fuertes de Tyche es su adaptabilidad. Puede asumir nuevas tareas de segmentaci\u00f3n sin necesidad de volver a formarse desde cero.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Normalmente, los modelos de IA para la segmentaci\u00f3n de im\u00e1genes m\u00e9dicas utilizan redes neuronales que requieren un amplio entrenamiento en grandes conjuntos de datos y experiencia en aprendizaje autom\u00e1tico.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">En cambio, Tyche puede utilizarse \"fuera de la caja\" para diversas tareas, desde detectar lesiones pulmonares en radiograf\u00edas hasta identificar anomal\u00edas cerebrales en resonancias magn\u00e9ticas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Se han llevado a cabo numerosos estudios en el campo de la imagen m\u00e9dica con IA, entre los que se incluyen importantes avances en <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/es\/2023\/08\/ai-shows-promise-in-breast-cancer-screening-study-reveals\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">cribado del c\u00e1ncer de mama<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> y diagn\u00f3sticos de IA que <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/es\/2023\/12\/ai-matches-doctors-in-x-ray-analysis-university-of-warwick-study-finds\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">match<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> o incluso <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/es\/2024\/03\/nhs-cancer-tool-mia-identified-cancers-that-doctors-missed\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">m\u00e9dicos golpeadores<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> en la interpretaci\u00f3n de im\u00e1genes.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">De cara al futuro, el equipo de investigaci\u00f3n tiene previsto explorar el uso de conjuntos de contextos m\u00e1s flexibles, que posiblemente incluyan texto o varios tipos de im\u00e1genes.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tambi\u00e9n quieren desarrollar formas de mejorar las peores predicciones de Tyche y permitir que el sistema recomiende los mejores candidatos de segmentaci\u00f3n.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>El diagn\u00f3stico m\u00e9dico por imagen es un campo complejo en el que interpretar los resultados puede resultar complicado. Los modelos de inteligencia artificial pueden ayudar a los m\u00e9dicos analizando im\u00e1genes que podr\u00edan indicar anomal\u00edas patol\u00f3gicas. Sin embargo, hay un truco: estos modelos de IA suelen dar una \u00fanica soluci\u00f3n cuando, en realidad, las im\u00e1genes m\u00e9dicas suelen tener m\u00faltiples interpretaciones. Si se pide a cinco expertos que dibujen un \u00e1rea de inter\u00e9s, como un peque\u00f1o bulto en un esc\u00e1ner pulmonar, es posible que se obtengan cinco dibujos distintos, ya que cada uno podr\u00eda tener su propia opini\u00f3n sobre d\u00f3nde empieza y acaba el bulto, por ejemplo. Para resolver este problema, investigadores del MIT, el<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":11525,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[88],"tags":[203,204,178],"class_list":["post-11524","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ethics","tag-biotech","tag-healthcare","tag-medicine"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Researchers build &quot;Tyche&quot; to embrace uncertainty in medical imaging | DailyAI<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/es\/2024\/04\/researchers-build-tyche-to-embrace-uncertainty-in-medical-imaging\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Researchers build &quot;Tyche&quot; to embrace uncertainty in medical imaging | DailyAI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Medical imaging is a complex field where interpreting results can be challenging. AI models can assist doctors by analyzing images that might indicate disease-indicating anomalies. However, there&#8217;s a catch: these AI models usually come up with a single solution when, in reality, medical images often have multiple interpretations. If you ask five experts to outline an area of interest, like a small lump in a lung scan, you might end up with five different drawings, as they could all have their own opinions on where the lump starts and ends, for example. To tackle this problem, researchers from MIT, the\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/es\/2024\/04\/researchers-build-tyche-to-embrace-uncertainty-in-medical-imaging\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"DailyAI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-04-12T18:09:26+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-04-12T18:12:33+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/DALL\u00b7E-2024-04-12-19.06.14-A-high-quality-landscape-oriented-image-of-an-advanced-medical-imaging-room-showcasing-a-state-of-the-art-MRI-machine-at-the-center.-The-room-is-ill.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1792\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Sam Jeans\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@DailyAIOfficial\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@DailyAIOfficial\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Sam Jeans\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tiempo de lectura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dailyai.com\\\/2024\\\/04\\\/researchers-build-tyche-to-embrace-uncertainty-in-medical-imaging\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dailyai.com\\\/2024\\\/04\\\/researchers-build-tyche-to-embrace-uncertainty-in-medical-imaging\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Sam Jeans\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dailyai.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/711e81f945549438e8bbc579efdeb3c9\"},\"headline\":\"Researchers build &#8220;Tyche&#8221; 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