{"id":14286,"date":"2024-09-19T18:10:24","date_gmt":"2024-09-19T18:10:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/?p=14286"},"modified":"2024-09-23T17:25:58","modified_gmt":"2024-09-23T17:25:58","slug":"ai-in-the-doctors-office-gps-turn-to-chatgpt-and-other-tools-for-diagnoses","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/da\/2024\/09\/ai-in-the-doctors-office-gps-turn-to-chatgpt-and-other-tools-for-diagnoses\/","title":{"rendered":"AI p\u00e5 l\u00e6gens kontor: Praktiserende l\u00e6ger bruger ChatGPT og andre v\u00e6rkt\u00f8jer til at stille diagnoser"},"content":{"rendered":"

En ny unders\u00f8gelse har vist, at en ud af fem praktiserende l\u00e6ger i Storbritannien bruger AI-v\u00e6rkt\u00f8jer som ChatGPT til at hj\u00e6lpe med daglige opgaver som at foresl\u00e5 diagnoser og skrive patientbreve.\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

Den <\/span>forskning<\/span><\/a>som er offentliggjort i tidsskriftet BMJ Health and Care Informatics, har spurgt 1.006 praktiserende l\u00e6ger i hele verden om deres brug af AI-chatbots i klinisk praksis.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Omkring 20% rapporterede, at de brugte generative AI-v\u00e6rkt\u00f8jer, hvor ChatGPT var det mest popul\u00e6re. Af dem, der brugte AI, sagde 29%, at de brugte det til at generere dokumentation efter patientaftaler, mens 28% brugte det til at foresl\u00e5 potentielle diagnoser.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Disse resultater signalerer, at praktiserende l\u00e6ger kan f\u00e5 v\u00e6rdi af disse v\u00e6rkt\u00f8jer, is\u00e6r i forbindelse med administrative opgaver og til st\u00f8tte for klinisk r\u00e6sonnering\", bem\u00e6rkede forfatterne til unders\u00f8gelsen.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Som Dr. Charlotte Blease, hovedforfatter til unders\u00f8gelsen, kommenterede: \"P\u00e5 trods af manglende vejledning om disse v\u00e6rkt\u00f8jer og uklare arbejdspolitikker rapporterer praktiserende l\u00e6ger, at de bruger dem til at hj\u00e6lpe med deres arbejde. Det medicinske samfund bliver n\u00f8dt til at finde m\u00e5der til b\u00e5de at uddanne l\u00e6ger og praktikanter om de potentielle fordele ved disse v\u00e6rkt\u00f8jer til at opsummere information, men ogs\u00e5 risiciene i form af hallucinationer, algoritmiske bias og potentialet til at kompromittere patienternes privatliv.\"<\/span><\/p>\n

Det sidste punkt er afg\u00f8rende. At videregive patientoplysninger til AI-systemer udg\u00f8r sandsynligvis en kr\u00e6nkelse af privatlivets fred og patienternes tillid.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dr. Ellie Mein, medicinsk-juridisk r\u00e5dgiver i Medical Defence Union, var enig i de centrale sp\u00f8rgsm\u00e5l: \"Sammen med de anvendelser, der er identificeret i BMJ-artiklen, har vi fundet ud af, at nogle l\u00e6ger bruger AI-programmer til at hj\u00e6lpe med at udarbejde klagesvar for dem. Vi har advaret MDU-medlemmerne om de problemer, det rejser, herunder un\u00f8jagtigheder og patientfortrolighed. Der er ogs\u00e5 overvejelser om databeskyttelse.\"<\/span><\/p>\n

Hun tilf\u00f8jede: \"N\u00e5r man behandler patientklager, kan AI-udarbejdede svar lyde plausible, men de kan indeholde un\u00f8jagtigheder og henvise til forkerte retningslinjer, som kan v\u00e6re sv\u00e6re at f\u00e5 \u00f8je p\u00e5, n\u00e5r de er flettet ind i meget veltalende tekstpassager. Det er vigtigt, at l\u00e6ger bruger kunstig intelligens p\u00e5 en etisk m\u00e5de og overholder relevante retningslinjer og regler.\"<\/span><\/p>\n

Vi aner ikke, hvor mange artikler OpenAI har brugt til at tr\u00e6ne deres modeller, men det er i hvert fald mere, end nogen l\u00e6ge kan have l\u00e6st. Den giver hurtige, overbevisende svar og er meget nem at bruge i mods\u00e6tning til at s\u00f8ge i forskningsartikler manuelt.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Betyder det, at ChatGPT generelt er n\u00f8jagtig til klinisk r\u00e5dgivning? Nej. Store sprogmodeller (LLM'er) som ChatGPT er forudtr\u00e6net p\u00e5 store m\u00e6ngder generelle data, hvilket g\u00f8r dem mere fleksible, men tvivlsomt n\u00f8jagtige til specifikke medicinske opgaver.<\/span><\/p>\n

AI-modeller som ChatGPT kan let lade sig lede og ofte tage parti for brugerens antagelser p\u00e5 en problematisk smiskende m\u00e5de. Derudover har forskere bem\u00e6rket, at disse modeller kan udvise alt for konservative eller snerpede tendenser, n\u00e5r de behandler f\u00f8lsomme emner som f.eks. seksuel sundhed.<\/p>\n

Stephen Hughes fra Anglia Ruskin University skrev i The Conservation<\/a>, “<\/span>Jeg bad ChatGPT om at diagnosticere smerter ved vandladning og udfl\u00e5d fra de mandlige k\u00f8nsorganer efter ubeskyttet samleje. Jeg var fascineret over at se, at jeg ikke fik noget svar. Det var, som om ChatGPT r\u00f8dmede p\u00e5 en eller anden genert computeriseret m\u00e5de. Da jeg fjernede omtalen af samleje, gav ChatGPT en differentialdiagnose, som omfattede gonor\u00e9, hvilket var den tilstand, jeg havde i tankerne.\"<\/p>\n

De mest kritiske sp\u00f8rgsm\u00e5l midt i alt dette er nok: Hvor pr\u00e6cis er ChatGPT i en medicinsk sammenh\u00e6ng? Og hvor stor er risikoen for fejldiagnoser eller andre problemer, hvis dette forts\u00e6tter?<\/span><\/p>\n

Generativ AI i medicinsk praksis<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Mens praktiserende l\u00e6ger i stigende grad eksperimenterer med AI-v\u00e6rkt\u00f8jer, arbejder forskere p\u00e5 at evaluere, hvordan de kan sammenlignes med traditionelle diagnostiske metoder.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

A <\/span>unders\u00f8gelse<\/span><\/a> udgivet i Ekspertsystemer med applikationer<\/em> gennemf\u00f8rte en sammenlignende analyse mellem ChatGPT, konventionelle maskinl\u00e6ringsmodeller og andre AI-systemer til medicinske diagnoser.<\/span><\/p>\n

Forskerne fandt ud af, at selv om ChatGPT var lovende, blev den ofte overg\u00e5et af traditionelle maskinl\u00e6ringsmodeller, der var specifikt tr\u00e6net p\u00e5 medicinske datas\u00e6t. For eksempel opn\u00e5ede neurale netv\u00e6rk med flere lag perceptron den h\u00f8jeste n\u00f8jagtighed i diagnosticering af sygdomme baseret p\u00e5 symptomer, med satser p\u00e5 81% og 94% p\u00e5 to forskellige datas\u00e6t.<\/span><\/p>\n

Forskerne konkluderede, at selvom ChatGPT og lignende AI-v\u00e6rkt\u00f8jer viser potentiale, \"kan deres svar ofte v\u00e6re tvetydige og ude af kontekst, s\u00e5 de giver forkerte diagnoser, selv hvis de bliver bedt om at give et svar, der kun tager h\u00f8jde for et bestemt s\u00e6t klasser.\"<\/span><\/p>\n

Dette stemmer overens med andre nylige studier, der unders\u00f8ger AI's potentiale i medicinsk praksis. <\/span><\/p>\n

For eksempel, <\/span>forskning<\/span><\/a> udgivet i JAMA<\/em> Network Open testede GPT-4's evne til at analysere komplekse patientcases.\u00a0<\/span>Selv om den viste lovende resultater p\u00e5 nogle omr\u00e5der, lavede GPT-4 stadig fejl, hvoraf nogle kunne v\u00e6re farlige i virkelige kliniske scenarier.<\/span><\/p>\n

Der er dog nogle undtagelser. Den ene <\/span>unders\u00f8gelse<\/span><\/a> udf\u00f8rt af New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai (NYEE) viste, hvordan GPT-4 kan leve op til eller overg\u00e5 menneskelige \u00f8jenl\u00e6ger i diagnosticering og behandling af \u00f8jensygdomme.<\/span><\/p>\n

For gr\u00f8n st\u00e6r gav GPT-4 meget pr\u00e6cise og detaljerede svar, der overgik dem fra rigtige \u00f8jenl\u00e6ger.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

AI-udviklere som OpenAI og NVIDIA uddanner nu specialiserede medicinske AI-assistenter til at st\u00f8tte klinikere og kompensere for manglerne i basismodeller som GP-4.<\/span><\/p>\n

OpenAI har allerede indg\u00e5et et samarbejde med <\/span>sundhedsteknologisk virksomhed Color Health<\/span><\/a> for at skabe en AI-\"copilot\" til kr\u00e6ftbehandling, hvilket viser, hvordan disse v\u00e6rkt\u00f8jer bliver mere specifikke for klinisk praksis.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Afvejning af fordele og risici<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Der findes utallige unders\u00f8gelser, der sammenligner specialtr\u00e6nede AI-modeller med mennesker, n\u00e5r det g\u00e6lder om at identificere sygdomme ud fra diagnostiske billeder som MR og r\u00f8ntgen.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

AI-teknikker har udkonkurreret l\u00e6ger i alt fra kr\u00e6ft<\/a> og diagnosticering af \u00f8jensygdomme til <\/span>Alzheimers<\/span><\/a> og <\/span>Tidlig opdagelse af Parkinsons sygdom<\/span><\/a>. En AI-model ved navn \"Mia\" viste sig at v\u00e6re effektiv til at analysere over 10.000 mammografiscanninger, udpege kendte kr\u00e6fttilf\u00e6lde og afsl\u00f8re kr\u00e6ft hos 11 kvinder, som l\u00e6gerne havde overset.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Men disse specialbyggede AI-v\u00e6rkt\u00f8jer er bestemt ikke det samme som at analysere noter og fund i en generisk sprogmodel som ChatGPT og bede den om at udlede en diagnose alene ud fra det.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ikke desto mindre er det sv\u00e6rt at modst\u00e5 fristelsen til at g\u00f8re det nemt og f\u00e5 hurtige, informative svar. <\/span><\/p>\n

Det er ingen hemmelighed, at sundhedsv\u00e6senet er overbebyrdet. <\/span>AI-v\u00e6rkt\u00f8jer sparer tid, s\u00e5 tiltr\u00e6kkende er de for overv\u00e6ldede l\u00e6ger.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vi har set dette afspejlet i hele den offentlige sektor, f.eks. inden for uddannelse, hvor l\u00e6rere i vid udstr\u00e6kning bruger AI til at skabe materialer, rette arbejde og meget mere.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00e5 vil din l\u00e6ge analysere dine noter i ChatGPT og skrive en recept baseret p\u00e5 resultaterne til dit n\u00e6ste l\u00e6gebes\u00f8g?\u00a0<\/span>Det er meget muligt. Det er et andet omr\u00e5de, hvor AI-teknologiens l\u00f8fte om at spare dyrebar tid er sv\u00e6rt at ben\u00e6gte.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

En del af vejen frem vil v\u00e6re at udvikle en kodeks for brug af kunstig intelligens p\u00e5 l\u00e6gens kontor. Den britiske l\u00e6geforening har allerede opfordret til klare politikker for integration af AI i klinisk praksis.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Det medicinske samfund bliver n\u00f8dt til at finde m\u00e5der, hvorp\u00e5 man b\u00e5de kan uddanne l\u00e6ger og praktikanter og vejlede patienter om sikker anvendelse af disse v\u00e6rkt\u00f8jer\", konkluderer forfatterne til BMJ-unders\u00f8gelsen.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ud over uddannelse vil l\u00f8bende forskning, klare retningslinjer og en forpligtelse til patientsikkerhed v\u00e6re afg\u00f8rende for at realisere AI's fordele og samtidig udligne risici. Det bliver sv\u00e6rt at g\u00f8re rigtigt.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

En ny unders\u00f8gelse har vist, at hver femte praktiserende l\u00e6ge i Storbritannien bruger AI-v\u00e6rkt\u00f8jer som ChatGPT til at hj\u00e6lpe med daglige opgaver som f.eks. at foresl\u00e5 diagnoser og skrive patientbreve. Forskningen, der er offentliggjort i tidsskriftet BMJ Health and Care Informatics, har spurgt 1.006 praktiserende l\u00e6ger i hele Storbritannien om deres brug af AI-chatbots i klinisk praksis. Omkring 20% rapporterede, at de brugte generative AI-v\u00e6rkt\u00f8jer, hvor ChatGPT var det mest popul\u00e6re. Af dem, der brugte AI, sagde 29%, at de brugte det til at generere dokumentation efter patientaftaler, mens 28% brugte det til at foresl\u00e5 potentielle diagnoser. \"Disse resultater signalerer, at praktiserende l\u00e6ger<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":14287,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[88],"tags":[353,204,178],"class_list":["post-14286","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ethics","tag-biology","tag-healthcare","tag-medicine"],"yoast_head":"\nAI in the doctor's office: GPs turn to ChatGPT and other tools for diagnoses | DailyAI<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/da\/2024\/09\/ai-in-the-doctors-office-gps-turn-to-chatgpt-and-other-tools-for-diagnoses\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"da_DK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"AI in the doctor's office: GPs turn to ChatGPT and other tools for diagnoses | DailyAI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A new survey has found that one in five general practitioners (GPs) in the UK are using AI tools like ChatGPT to assist with daily tasks such as suggesting diagnoses and writing patient letters.\u00a0 The research, published in the journal BMJ Health and Care Informatics, surveyed 1,006 GPs across the about their use of AI chatbots in clinical practice.\u00a0 Some 20% reported using generative AI tools, with ChatGPT being the most popular. Of those using AI, 29% said they employed it to generate documentation after patient appointments, while 28% used it to suggest potential diagnoses. “These findings signal that GPs\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/da\/2024\/09\/ai-in-the-doctors-office-gps-turn-to-chatgpt-and-other-tools-for-diagnoses\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"DailyAI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-09-19T18:10:24+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-09-23T17:25:58+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/DALL\u00b7E-2024-09-19-19.09.56-A-futuristic-abstract-concept-of-AI-powered-medical-diagnostics-focusing-on-glowing-holographic-interfaces-and-advanced-digital-medical-tools-without.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1792\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta 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