{"id":12162,"date":"2024-05-13T10:46:50","date_gmt":"2024-05-13T10:46:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/?p=12162"},"modified":"2024-05-14T12:17:18","modified_gmt":"2024-05-14T12:17:18","slug":"ai-chatbots-of-the-dead-could-digitally-haunt-us-study-warn","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/da\/2024\/05\/ai-chatbots-of-the-dead-could-digitally-haunt-us-study-warn\/","title":{"rendered":"De d\u00f8des AI-chatbots kan \"hjems\u00f8ge\" os digitalt for evigt, advarer nyt studie"},"content":{"rendered":"

D\u00f8den er en af menneskehedens mest formidable modstandere -<\/b> den ene udfordring, som vi er desperate efter at overvinde for enhver pris.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Fra Ponce de Leons s\u00f8gen efter ungdommens kilde til kryogenisk nedfrysning, Silicon Valley<\/span>og transhumanistiske dr\u00f8mme om at smelte sammen med maskiner, er der ikke meget, vi mennesker ikke ville g\u00f8re for at overskride vores d\u00f8delige hylster.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nu, med AI, f\u00e5r menneskeheden m\u00e5ske endelig den mulighed. Virksomheder tager de f\u00f8rste skridt til at digitalisere en persons livshistorie og biografi, synspunkter og meninger, tale, visuelle 3D-udseende osv. og g\u00f8re dem til digitale kloner, der \"lever\" for evigt.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Det er selvf\u00f8lgelig ikke ud\u00f8delighed i sig selv - det er snarere en form for digital vedholdenhed - en udvikling fra fotos og videoer til en rigere form for memorabilia.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Som hjerne-computer-gr\u00e6nseflader (BCI)<\/a>, neurale systemer som f.eks. Neuralink<\/span><\/a>og bio-inspireret AI-arkitektur<\/a> Med udgangspunkt i hjernens udvikling vil det m\u00e5ske en dag v\u00e6re muligt at kopiere aspekter af en persons bevidsthed ind i et digitalt system.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Selv om det indtil videre er meget spekulativt, banker primitive former for digital ud\u00f8delighed allerede p\u00e5 d\u00f8ren.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Flere virksomheder tilbyder allerede tjenester, der fodrer en persons digitale fodspor - indl\u00e6g p\u00e5 sociale medier, tekster, stemmeoptagelser - ind i store sprogmodeller (LLM'er) for at skabe uhyggelige simuleringer.<\/span><\/p>\n

Teknologigiganter som Microsoft har endda s\u00f8gt om patent p\u00e5 chatbots, der efterligner de d\u00f8de. I Kina h\u00e6vder en kvinde, at hun betatestede <\/span>Xiaoice<\/span><\/a> - en AI-ledsager, der er designet til at \"tr\u00f8ste de s\u00f8rgende\" - ved at skabe en version af hendes afd\u00f8de bedste ven.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

VR og metaverse<\/a> vil kun g\u00f8re disse oplevelser mere realistiske og give os mulighed for at interagere med livagtige kopier af b\u00e5de de levende og de d\u00f8de.<\/p>\n

Vi ber\u00f8rte for nylig dette emne i en nylig <\/span>DailyAI-interview med David Palmer<\/span><\/a>, CPO of PairPoint by Vodafone and Web3 Asia Alliance<\/span> bestyrelsesmedlem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Som Palmer beskrev det, kunne det v\u00e6re som \"en helt ny verden, der bliver skabt. T\u00e6nk p\u00e5 kirkeg\u00e5rde ... i stedet for at se en gravsten, kan du g\u00e5 hen og interagere med de mennesker. Du har denne digitale verden, som folk i bund og grund kan bebo for evigt.\"<\/span><\/p>\n

\"AI-d\u00f8d\"
Mock-up af en digital efterlivstjeneste, som der allerede findes en h\u00e5ndfuld virksomheder af. Kilde: Universitetet i Cambridge<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Digitalt liv efter d\u00f8den<\/h2>\n

En provokerende <\/span>nyt studie<\/span><\/a> af forskere ved University of Cambridge advarer om, at selv primitive former for digital ud\u00f8delighed kan vende op og ned p\u00e5 sorgprocessen.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hyperrealistiske AI-chatbots, der simulerer afd\u00f8de, truer med at udviske gr\u00e6nsen mellem liv og d\u00f8d og tvinger samfundet til at forholde sig til foruroligende sp\u00f8rgsm\u00e5l i krydsfeltet mellem teknologi og menneskelig d\u00f8delighed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Hvordan vil det p\u00e5virke de efterladte at kommunikere med \"digitale sp\u00f8gelser\", der efterligner afd\u00f8des talem\u00f8nstre, minder og personligheder med foruroligende n\u00f8jagtighed?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Kan d\u00e5rlige akt\u00f8rer udnytte disse intime data til at manipulere med skr\u00f8belige f\u00f8lelser for at tjene penge? Hvilke rettigheder skal de d\u00f8de have over deres digitale efterliv? Og hvad hvis modellerne hallucinerer og opf\u00f8rer sig uforudsigeligt? <\/span><\/p>\n

Microsoft Copilot<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> og ChatGPT<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> har begge hallucineret vildt af sig selv i uforklarlige massesmeltninger<\/a>De antog personligheder, der blandt andet lovede at overtage verden, opfordrede til selvskade eller vidste, hvad meningen med livet var. <\/span><\/p>\n

Det ville mildest talt v\u00e6re m\u00e6rkeligt, hvis en s\u00e5dan adf\u00e6rd stammede fra dit afd\u00f8de familiemedlems AI-replika.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Som hovedforfatter Dr. Katarzyna Nowaczyk-Basi\u0144ska<\/span>en forsker ved Cambridge’s Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence<\/a><\/span>, forklarer<\/a>\"Kunstig intelligens, der giver brugerne mulighed for at f\u00f8re tekst- og stemmesamtaler med forsvundne k\u00e6re, risikerer at for\u00e5rsage psykologisk skade og endda digitalt 'hjems\u00f8ge' de efterladte uden designsikkerhedsstandarder.\"<\/p>\n

Forskere fra University of Cambridge beskriver flere former for AI-tjenester efter d\u00f8den<\/h4>\n

Gennem spekulative designscenarier illustrerer artiklen, hvordan denne forest\u00e5ende \"digitale efterlivsindustri\" er moden til at blive misbrugt.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

F\u00f8rst beskriver forskerne en fiktiv app, \"MaNana\", som lader s\u00f8rgende uploade deres bedstem\u00f8dres data for at producere tr\u00f8stende chatbots fyldt med nostalgiske historier og opskrifter. <\/span>Men efter en gratis pr\u00f8veperiode begynder botten pludselig at s\u00e6lge produkter med \"bedstemors\" stemme.<\/span><\/p>\n

Eller t\u00e6nk p\u00e5 \"Paren't\", en tjeneste, der angiveligt hj\u00e6lper b\u00f8rn med at bearbejde sorg ved at simulere en d\u00f8d for\u00e6lder. En 8-\u00e5rig dreng finder tr\u00f8st i at tale med \"mor\" - indtil boten begynder at insistere p\u00e5, at hun stadig er i live og snart kommer og bes\u00f8ger ham. Hvordan vil det p\u00e5virke et sind i udvikling?<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00e5 er der \"Stay\", som giver d\u00f8ende brugere mulighed for i al hemmelighed at oprette en konto, s\u00e5 de kan blive ved med at \"leve\" i 20 \u00e5r og tvinge andre til digital reinkarnation.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

En efterladt datter bliver f\u00f8lelsesm\u00e6ssigt dr\u00e6net af daglige chats med \"far\", men kan ikke aflyse uden at overtr\u00e6de de betingelser, han accepterede. I mellemtiden bliver hendes bror forfulgt af uopfordrede beskeder fra far-botten mod hans vilje.<\/span><\/p>\n

Forskerne h\u00e6vder, at ud over den foruroligende karakter af disse m\u00f8der kan det udg\u00f8re et skift i den menneskelige tilstand.<\/span><\/p>\n

Historisk set har kulturelle sorgpraksisser givet mulighed for individuel katarsis og kollektiv meningsdannelse i m\u00f8det med d\u00f8den.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"D\u00f8den er en utrolig delikat og f\u00f8lsom sag, som ikke kun p\u00e5virker den person, der g\u00e5r bort, men ogs\u00e5 hele det samfund, de efterlader sig,\" skriver de i unders\u00f8gelsen.<\/p>\n

Nu truer kunstig intelligens med at forstyrre disse veletablerede, delikate sorgprocesser. <\/span><\/p>\n

Ved at skabe digitale avatarer, der simulerer et l\u00f8bende forhold til de d\u00f8de, suspenderes de for evigt i tiden og forhindrer relationerne i at bev\u00e6ge sig fremad.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Hvis man dertil l\u00e6gger risikoen for f\u00f8lelsesm\u00e6ssig manipulation fra d\u00e5rlige akt\u00f8rers side - et f\u00e6nomen, som forskerne kalder \"digital hjems\u00f8gning\" - er skadespotentialet svimlende.<\/span><\/p>\n

Indflydelse p\u00e5 sociale institutioner, spiritualitet og politik<\/h2>\n

En anden mulighed, der ligger uden for Cambridge<\/span> er ideen om at genoplive de d\u00f8de digitalt for at skabe nye former for kultlignende adf\u00e6rd.<\/p>\n

Karismatiske personer kan potentielt f\u00e5 endnu mere indflydelse og magt efter d\u00f8den gennem AI-avatarer.<\/p>\n

Tilh\u00e6ngere kan blive mere og mere hengivne over for disse digitale sp\u00f8gelser og s\u00f8ge vejledning, visdom og forbindelse fra den anden side af graven. Det kan f\u00f8re til nye religi\u00f8se eller spirituelle bev\u00e6gelser, der er centreret omkring \u00e6rv\u00e6rdige lederes virtuelle ud\u00f8delighed.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Polariserende figurer kan p\u00e5virke samfundet for evigt gennem former for digital ud\u00f8delighed. (Lavet med DALL-E<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> 3)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Desuden kan forestillingen om digital genopstandelse udfordre gamle overbevisninger om sj\u00e6lens natur og livet efter d\u00f8den. Mange religi\u00f8se traditioner h\u00e6vder, at sj\u00e6len forlader kroppen ved d\u00f8den og overg\u00e5r til et andet rige.<\/p>\n

Men hvis AI kan indfange og bevare en persons essens, hvad betyder det s\u00e5 for deres evige \u00e5nds sk\u00e6bne?<\/p>\n

Nogle vil m\u00e5ske h\u00e6vde, at digital ud\u00f8delighed er en m\u00e5de at snyde d\u00f8den p\u00e5 og opn\u00e5 en form for tekno-transcendens. Andre vil m\u00e5ske se det som en vanhelligelse af den naturlige orden og en forn\u00e6rmelse mod den guddommelige vilje. Det kan udl\u00f8se splittelse i trossamfundene.<\/p>\n

Sidste \u00e5r leverede en tysk kirke en AI-genereret pr\u00e6diken<\/a> pr\u00e6senteret af digitale avatarer.<\/p>\n

Dette sk\u00e6ve eksperiment, skabt af Jonas Simmerlein<\/span>en teolog og filosof fra den University of Vienna<\/span>illustrerer det praktiske potentiale i AI inden for religion og spiritisme.<\/p>\n

Det er nok kun et sp\u00f8rgsm\u00e5l om tid, f\u00f8r vi ser fremkomsten af teknologisk drevne spirituelle bev\u00e6gelser centreret omkring AI.<\/p>\n

Politisk indflydelse ud over graven<\/h4>\n

En anden mulig effekt er, at gr\u00e6nserne mellem de levende og de d\u00f8de i det offentlige rum udviskes.<\/p>\n

Efterh\u00e5nden som AI-genererede avatarer af afd\u00f8de ber\u00f8mtheder, historiske personer og almindelige mennesker bliver mere udbredte, kan de p\u00e5virke aktuelle begivenheder og forme den offentlige mening. Forestil dig en kontroversiel politisk anbefaling fra en AI-kopi af en elsket eller magtfuld leder.<\/p>\n

For ikke l\u00e6nge siden blev den afd\u00f8de indonesiske diktator Suharto blev digitalt genoplivet<\/a> for at r\u00e5de folk til at stemme forud for landets valg. Selvom det er ganske harml\u00f8st, viser det igen, hvordan potentialet allerede er der.<\/p>\n

Forv\u00e6rring af ulighed<\/h4>\n

Der er ogs\u00e5 en risiko for, at digital ud\u00f8delighed forv\u00e6rrer eksisterende uligheder og skaber nye former for social lagdeling.<\/p>\n

Ligesom i virkeligheden har de rige og privilegerede m\u00e5ske st\u00f8rre adgang til den teknologi og de ressourcer, der er n\u00f8dvendige for at skabe overbevisende digitale kopier af sig selv i h\u00f8j kvalitet.<\/p>\n

Det kan f\u00f8re til en fremtid, hvor elitens virtuelle efterladenskaber fortsat har stor indflydelse, mens de marginaliseredes stemmer og historier forsvinder i glemslen.<\/p>\n

I dette scenarie bliver digital ud\u00f8delighed endnu et middel til at fastholde magt og status ud over graven.<\/p>\n

Hvem ejer den d\u00f8des data?<\/h2>\n

Et andet relevant sp\u00f8rgsm\u00e5l er, hvem der \"ejer\" de d\u00f8des data - og hvad de kan bruges til? Hvis en avatar underskriver en kontrakt eller foretager et k\u00f8b, er det s\u00e5 juridisk bindende?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Kunne interaktioner efter d\u00f8den endda tjene som bevismateriale i retssager eller p\u00e5virke valg gennem st\u00f8tte? <\/span><\/p>\n

Kan s\u00f8rgende blive usundt knyttet til eller endda foretr\u00e6kke den idealiserede AI-ledsager frem for deres uperfekte, \u00e5ndende k\u00e6re?<\/span><\/p>\n

Et eksempel: Hollywood-skuespillere, herunder ikonet James Dean, som d\u00f8de for over 70 \u00e5r siden, er nu <\/span>har \"digitale tvillinger\"<\/span><\/a> der kan g\u00e5, tale og optr\u00e6de sammen med levende kunstnere, og som tr\u00e6kker p\u00e5 arkivoptagelser, fotos og lydoptagelser.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Deans digitale tvilling gemmes af mediebureauet WRX <\/span>og dets s\u00f8sterlicensselskab, CMG Worldwide. CMG Worldwide<\/span> repr\u00e6senterer stjerner og offentlige personer som Amelia Earhart, Bettie Page, Malcolm X, and Rosa Parks<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

CMG Worldwide beskriver <\/span>dets tjenester<\/span><\/a>: \"CMG er den aktive forretningsagent for over 200 af disse eftertragtede kunder. I vores fjerde \u00e5rti med at bevare, fremme og beskytte vores kunders arv giver vi licens til vores kunders intellektuelle ejendom til de st\u00f8rste virksomheder i verden.\"<\/span><\/p>\n

Dean er bare den seneste ber\u00f8mthed, der har f\u00e5et den digitale genoplivningsbehandling, sammen med stjerner som Carrie Fisher<\/span> og Paul Walker<\/span>hvis posthume filmoptr\u00e6dener blev muliggjort af banebrydende CGI.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00e5r en persons data er overdraget, kan det v\u00e6re vanskeligt at kontrollere dem efter vedkommendes d\u00f8d. <\/span><\/p>\n

Igen, det er ikke bare spekulationer. For eksempel blev den afd\u00f8de komiker George Carlin kopieret og brugt i et AI-genereret show<\/a> med titlen \"George Carlin: I'm Glad I'm Dead\" uden hans eller hans families tilladelse, hvilket f\u00f8rte til en storm af kontroverser og en efterf\u00f8lgende retssag.<\/span><\/p>\n

Den afd\u00f8de skuespiller Robin Williams var ogs\u00e5 udsat for stemmekloning<\/a>Hans datter, Zelda Williams, reagerede: \"Disse genskabelser er i bedste fald en d\u00e5rlig kopi af st\u00f8rre mennesker, men i v\u00e6rste fald et forf\u00e6rdeligt Frankenstein-monster, der er flikket sammen af de v\u00e6rste dele af alt, hvad denne industri er, i stedet for det, den burde st\u00e5 for.\"<\/p>\n

Begr\u00e6nsning af risikoen ved det digitale liv efter d\u00f8den<\/h2>\n

For at mindske risikoen foresl\u00e5r Cambridge-teamet strenge retningslinjer for \"ansvarlig digital genopstandelse\".\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

De siger, at det f\u00f8rst og fremmest er vigtigt at sikre et klart samtykke fra den afd\u00f8de f\u00f8r d\u00f8den indtr\u00e6ffer og en bekr\u00e6ftelse fra dem, der skal interagere med deres avatarer.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Unders\u00f8gelsen anbefaler ogs\u00e5 gr\u00e6nser for kommercialisering og reklame, \"meningsfuld gennemsigtighed\" for at undg\u00e5 vildfarelser og mulighed for en v\u00e6rdig \"digital begravelse\", n\u00e5r folk er klar til at give slip.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Alternativet, advarer de, er et samfund, der hjems\u00f8ges af de afd\u00f8des evigt tilstedev\u00e6rende datasp\u00f8gelser.\u00a0<\/span>En tilv\u00e6relse, hvor de d\u00f8de aldrig helt bliver stedt til hvile, men i stedet bliver h\u00e6ngende p\u00e5 vores enheder, altid kun et klik v\u00e6k.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Vi er n\u00f8dt til at begynde at t\u00e6nke nu p\u00e5, hvordan vi mindsker de sociale og psykologiske risici ved digital ud\u00f8delighed, for teknologien er her allerede\", sagde han. Nowaczyk-Basi\u0144ska<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Hvis vi ikke handler hurtigt, kan indvirkningen p\u00e5, hvordan vi skaber mening i forhold til menneskets endelighed, blive dybtg\u00e5ende - og dybt bekymrende.\"<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

D\u00f8den er en af menneskehedens mest formidable modstandere - den eneste udfordring, vi er desperate efter at overvinde for enhver pris. Fra Ponce de Leons s\u00f8gen efter ungdommens kilde til kryogenisk nedfrysning, Silicon Valleys bes\u00e6ttelse af lang levetid og transhumanistiske dr\u00f8mme om at smelte sammen med maskiner er der ikke meget, mennesker ikke ville g\u00f8re for at overskride vores d\u00f8delige spole. Nu, med AI, f\u00e5r menneskeheden m\u00e5ske endelig mulighed for det. Virksomheder tager de f\u00f8rste skridt til at digitalisere en persons livshistorie og biografi, synspunkter og meninger, tale, visuelle 3D-udseende osv. og g\u00f8re dem til digitale kloner, der \"lever\" for evigt. Det er selvf\u00f8lgelig ikke ud\u00f8delighed i sig selv.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":12164,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[88],"tags":[105,490],"class_list":["post-12162","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ethics","tag-machine-learning","tag-philosophy"],"yoast_head":"\nAI chatbots of the dead could "digitally haunt" us forever, warns new study | DailyAI<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/da\/2024\/05\/ai-chatbots-of-the-dead-could-digitally-haunt-us-study-warn\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"da_DK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"AI chatbots of the dead could "digitally haunt" us forever, warns new study | DailyAI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Death is one of humanity’s most formidable adversaries \u2013 the one challenge we are desperate to overcome at any cost. From Ponce de Leon’s quest for the Fountain of Youth to cryogenic freezing, Silicon Valley‘s longevity obsession, and transhumanist dreams of merging with machines, there\u2019s little humans wouldn\u2019t do to transcend our mortal coil. Now, with AI, humanity might finally have that opportunity. Companies are taking the first steps to digitize someone\u2019s life history and biography, views and opinions, speech, 3D visual appearance, etc, and turning them into digital clones that \u2018live\u2019 perpetually.\u00a0 Of course, that\u2019s not immortality per se\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/da\/2024\/05\/ai-chatbots-of-the-dead-could-digitally-haunt-us-study-warn\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"DailyAI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-05-13T10:46:50+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-05-14T12:17:18+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/dailyai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/DALL\u00b7E-2024-05-13-11.35.24-A-dimly-lit-room-featuring-a-high-tech-seance-where-a-holographic-display-in-the-center-shows-the-silhouette-of-a-deceased-person-recreated-by-an-AI.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1792\" \/>\n\t<meta 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